ArticleNature communications2022
The effect of COVID certificates on vaccine uptake, health outcomes, and the economy.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- A scoping review of vaccine certificate implementation in Canada and OECD countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: Outcomes and lessons learned.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Quantifying vaccine dissemination for uptake comparisons between vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- An open repository of COVID-19 vaccine mandate studies with a worked scoping review of quasi-experimental evidence.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Impact of Vaccination-Differentiated Public Health and Social Measures on Vaccine Uptake Among the Vaccine Hesitant.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Providing free influenza vaccine to increase vaccination take-up and improve physical and mental health: evidence from China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Novel mechanisms of alkyldimethylbenzalkonium chloride in virucidal activity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nightlife and low immunity drove transmission of SARS-CoV-2 gamma in Luxembourg, 2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Planning and adjusting the COVID-19 booster vaccination campaign to reduce disease burden.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Article
- Nonstructural barriers to adult vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Spatial scales of COVID-19 transmission in Mexico.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Promoting Vaccination and Public Health Resilience, a Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- State COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates and Uptake Among Health Care Workers in the US.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Do COVID-19 Vaccination Policies Backfire? The Effects of Mandates, Vaccination Passports, and Financial Incentives on COVID-19 Vaccination.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024Review
- The Israeli health system's rapid responses during the COVID-19 pandemic.Israel journal of health policy research · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID vaccination campaign on imaging case volumes and medicolegal aspects.Frontiers in health services · 2024Article
- Intensification or diversification: responses by anti health-pass entrepreneurs to French government announcements.International journal of health economics and management · 2023Article
- An online RCT on behavioural expectations effects of COVID-19 certification policies in England.Vaccine: X · 2023Article
- Assessing the impact of COVID-19 passes and mandates on disease transmission, vaccination intention, and uptake: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic many countries required COVID certificates, proving vaccination, recovery, or a recent negative test, to access public and private venues. We estimate their effect on vaccine uptake for France, Germany, and Italy using counterfactuals constructed via innovation diffusion theory. The announcement of COVID certificates during summer 2021 were associated - although causality cannot be directly inferred - with increased vaccine uptake in France of 13.0 (95% CI 9.7-14.9) percentage points (p.p.) of the total population until the end of the year, in Germany 6.2 (2.6-6.9) p.p., and in Italy 9.7 (5.4-12.3) p.p. Based on these estimates, an additional 3979 (3453-4298) deaths in France, 1133 (-312-1358) in Germany, and 1331 (502-1794) in Italy were averted; and gross domestic product (GDP) losses of €6.0 (5.9-6.1) billion in France, €1.4 (1.3-1.5) billion in Germany, and €2.1 (2.0-2.2) billion in Italy were prevented. Notably, in France, the application of COVID certificates averted high intensive care unit occupancy levels where prior lockdowns were instated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.