ArticleBMJ open2022
Effects of biophilic virtual reality on cognitive function of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: study protocol for a sham randomised controlled trial.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immersive Technologies for Cognitive Rehabilitation in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Researching the application of virtual reality in medical education: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial.BMC medical education · 2023Trial
- Virtual reality in perioperative medicine: An evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly postcardiac surgery patients: progress in rehabilitation application research.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Medical Extended Reality Trials: Building Robust Comparators, Controls, and Sham.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Postoperative Cognitive Impairment and Pain Perception after Abdominal Surgery-Could Immersive Virtual Reality Bring More? A Clinical Approach.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionVirtual reality (VR) is already being used for cognitive or emotional rehabilitation. However, its role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has not been fully recognised. Due to the lack of an effective postoperative follow-up system, the incidence of POCD in China is not clear, and although many drugs have been proposed to improve POCD in the animal study, their clinical applications are limited, while VR provides an innovative method to provide non-pharmacological management. METHODS AND
designThis is a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. In this study, 600 patients over 55 years old undergoing laparoscopic surgery will be recruited. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive biophilic VR or sham VR (1:1 ratio), all patients have 20 min of exposure per day during the hospital stay. The primary outcome is the impact of VR on the incidence of POCD. Secondary outcomes include perioperative anxiety and instrumental activities of daily living. Changes in the performance of the neurocognitive batteries are measured by a local resident doctor. Serum samples will be collected on the day before surgery and 7 days after surgery. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This trial has ethical approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University (KY20210302). The study is sponsored by Ningbo University and Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau. CONTACT: Dr. Mao Haijiao, Chair of the hospital medical Ethics committee (ndfylunli@126.com). Trial results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals, patient recruitment began in April 2021. Written informed consent is obtained for all participants. All information acquired will be disseminated via national or international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2000040919.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.