SynthesisInternational immunopharmacology2022
Ozone as an adjuvant therapy for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International immunopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of ozone administration routes on liver, lung, and brain damage after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.World journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Advances in Ozone-Based Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2: An Updated Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Medical ozone: mechanisms, biological effects and clinical evidence-a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Ozone protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury: molecular mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Medical gases in respiratory diseases: ozone, argon, and nitric oxide as game-changers in therapeutics.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Therapeutic efficacy of ozonated blood in severe COVID-19 patients: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Ozone rectal insufflation inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice, which is mediated by the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolites.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Effects of Ozone Therapy on Adverse Events and Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Interventional Therapy.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2025Article
- Effects of systemic ozone administration on the fresh extraction sockets healing: a histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study in rats.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2024Article
- Ozone Therapy in Medicine and Dentistry: A Review of the Literature.Dentistry journal · 2023Review
- Efficacy of ozone adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveOzone adjuvant in COVID-19 management showed conflicting results in prior studies. Here, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate benefits and side effects of ozone as adjuvant therapy in COVID-19 patients.
methodsSystematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Springer, medRxiv, and ProQuest for articles investigating ozone as adjuvant therapy in COVID-19. Clinical and laboratory outcomes, mortality, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and adverse events were assessed.
resultsThirteen studies were included in this review. Case-control studies, but not randomized controlled trials (RCTs), showed a decrease in mortality following ozone therapy (OR = 0.24 (95% CI [0.07-0.76]), p = 0.02, I
conclusionsThe beneficial effect of ozone in COVID-19 management seems to be limited to the improvements of laboratory parameters among severe patients, including the reduction of IL-6, LDH, CRP, and D-dimer levels. Meanwhile, other study endpoints, such as mortality, length of stay and ICU admission, were not improved following ozone therapy, although it may partly be due to a shorter duration of viral clearance. Furthermore, no serious adverse event was reported following ozone therapy, suggesting its high safety profile. (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021278018).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.