Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2022
Randomized Phase II Trial of Proton Craniospinal Irradiation Versus Photon Involved-Field Radiotherapy for Patients With Solid Tumor Leptomeningeal Metastasis.
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based indications for proton therapy in adults determined using the GRADE approach.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Pooled it
- 6th and 7th International consensus guidelines for the management of advanced breast cancer (ABC guidelines 6 and 7).Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2024Guideline
- DEGRO guideline for personalized radiotherapy of brain metastases and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in patients with breast cancer.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2024Guideline
- Leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumours: EANO-ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.ESMO open · 2023Guideline
- Intrathecal trastuzumab versus alternate routes of delivery for HER2-targeted therapies in patients with HER2+ breast cancer leptomeningeal metastases.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2023Pooled it
- Phase 2 Study of Amivantamab Plus Lazertinib in Previously Treated Patients With EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancers With Brain and Leptomeningeal Metastases.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2026Trial
- Proton Craniospinal Irradiation for Patients With Leptomeningeal Metastasis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA oncology · 2025Trial
- Increasing incidence and improved survival of leptomeningeal metastasis in advanced lung cancer: a 10-year real-world cohort study.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Impact of a Multidisciplinary Palliative Radiation Therapy Clinic on Patient Care.Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Progression-Free Survival Effect Sizes in Randomized Controlled Trials of Targeted Cancer Therapies with Positive Outcomes.Acta haematologica · 2026Article
- Review
- Intrathecal nivolumab in metastatic solid tumors with leptomeningeal disease: dose escalation part of the multicenter IT-PD1/NOA-26 phase 1 trial.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Antibody-drug conjugates in breast cancer brain and leptomeningeal metastases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic progress.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Advancing Particle Therapy to Improve Cancer Care: Report on "2nd World Forum on Particle Therapy".International journal of particle therapy · 2026Review
- Melanoma leptomeningeal disease: Advances in diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies.World journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- The Use of Radiotherapy in Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis: A Systematic Review and Random-Effects Proportions Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2026Review
- [Chinese Expert Consensus on Clinical Management of Oncogene Addicted Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Leptomeningeal Metastasis (2026 Edition)].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Article
- Therapeutic progress in leptomeningeal metastasis from EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a clinical medicine review.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Leptomeningeal metastasis from colon cancer: a case report and review of literature.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Crosstalk in the brain tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical advances.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
22 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposePhoton involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) is the standard-of-care radiotherapy for patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from solid tumors. We tested whether proton craniospinal irradiation (pCSI) encompassing the entire CNS would result in superior CNS progression-free survival (PFS) compared with IFRT. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe conducted a randomized, phase II trial of pCSI versus IFRT in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and breast cancers with LM. We enrolled patients with other solid tumors to an exploratory pCSI group. For the randomized groups, patients were assigned (2:1), stratified by histology and systemic disease status, to pCSI or IFRT. The primary end point was CNS PFS. Secondary end points included overall survival (OS) and treatment-related adverse events (TAEs).
resultsBetween April 16, 2020, and October 11, 2021, 42 and 21 patients were randomly assigned to pCSI and IFRT, respectively. At planned interim analysis, a significant benefit in CNS PFS was observed with pCSI (median 7.5 months; 95% CI, 6.6 months to not reached) compared with IFRT (2.3 months; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.8 months;
conclusionCompared with photon IFRT, we found pCSI improved CNS PFS and OS for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and breast cancer with LM with no increase in serious TAEs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.