ArticleCureus2022
Non-bacterial Cystitis With Increased Expression of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 in the Urothelium: An Unusual Immune-Related Adverse Event After Atezolizumab Administration for Metastatic Breast Cancer.
Article in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sintilimab‑related cystitis/ureteritis in high‑grade endometrial stromal sarcoma: A case report and structured literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Non-bacterial cystitis following treatment with toripalimab for alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric adenocarcinoma: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-related cystitis: clinical features, diagnostic exclusion, and outcomes in one definite and seven probable cases with an updated literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Immune-Related Cystitis Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Report of Two Cases.Case reports in medicine · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy-related cystitis induced by nivolumab: A case report and review of the literature.Urology case reports · 2025Article
- Clinical presentation of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors induced cystitis.Investigational new drugs · 2025Article
- Cabazitaxel-induced ureteritis in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: a single center case series 2014-2024.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2025Article
- Case reports of immune-related cystitis and the antibody combination hypothesis.Immunotherapy · 2024Article
- Immune-related adverse events with renal colic as the main manifestation: a case report of sintilimab-induced ureteritis/cystitis treated by ureteral stent and review of the literature.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- [Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Related Cystoureteritis: A Case Report and Literature Review].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2023Review
- Successful treatment of immune-related cystitis with bladder hydrodistension.IJU case reports · 2023Article
- Immune-related adverse events with severe pain and ureteral expansion as the main manifestations: a case report of tislelizumab-induced ureteritis/cystitis and review of the literature.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immune-related ureteritis and cystitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: Case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Prolonged survival of thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor with immune-related cystitis: a case report and literature review.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We report a case of non-bacterial cystitis that occurred after administration of atezolizumab, an antibody against programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). This cystitis was considered an immune-related adverse event (irAE). A 67-year-old woman with advanced breast cancer (cT4bN1M1, cStage IV) was treated with atezolizumab and nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab) paclitaxel. She consulted a physician for urethral pain and frequent urination during the fourth cycle of treatment. Cystitis symptoms were not relieved by antibiotic treatment and worsened. The results of her urine culture and cytology were negative for malignancy. Cystoscopy showed diffuse redness of the bladder mucosa. A bladder biopsy revealed no evidence of malignancy. Since the patient's symptoms resolved with steroid therapy, urethral pain and frequent urination associated with atezolizumab were considered to be irAE by the diagnosis of exclusion. After immunostaining of the bladder biopsy sections, high PD-L1 expression was detected in the urothelium, which could explain the cause of irAE.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.