Trial reportCell reports. Medicine2022
Rapid decline in vaccine-boosted neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readClinical Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in Cell reports. Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04889209 (A Phase 1/2 Study of Delayed Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dosing), which is not on this map. Cited by 115 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
115citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
16.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 1/2 Study of Delayed Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dosing (Boost) After Receipt of EUA Vaccines
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 variants to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: a system review and meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2023Pooled it
- Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses After Boosting With a Bivalent Messenger RNA Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Increased antibody titers but induced T cell AICD and apoptosis response in COVID-19 convalescents by inactivated vaccine booster.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Trial
- Stochastic interventional approach to assessing immune correlates of protection: Application to the COVE messenger RNA-1273 vaccine trial.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Comparison of bivalent and monovalent SARS-CoV-2 variant vaccines: the phase 2 randomized open-label COVAIL trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a booster regimen of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19 (ENSEMBLE2): results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Longitudinal Antibody Dynamics Following SARS-CoV-2 Viral-Vectored and mRNA Booster Vaccination in Ghanaian Adults.Vaccines · 2026Article
- The vaccine platform used for COVID-19 primary immunization shapes the quality of the human B cell response to a vaccine boost.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Expanding SARS-CoV-2 antigen targets beyond spike using a baculovirus expression system.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Characteristics of humoral and T-cell immune responses in people living with HIV after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection during December 2022 to January 2023.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Effectiveness in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike sequence-based distance as a marker of binding antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Structural Insights into the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Its Implications for Antibody Resistance.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Emerging and Pandemic Pathogens: Lessons Learned From a Clinical Research Network.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Review
- Long-Term Durability and Variant-Specific Modulation of SARS-CoV-2 Humoral and Cellular Immunity over Two Years.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness and Risk Factors of Booster Failure in 480,000 Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- Dynamics of spike-specific neutralizing antibodies across five-year emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern reveal conserved epitopes that protect against severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 infects wild-type C57BL/6 mice and induces a protective CD4Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
38 authors at 14 institutions in 1 country.
Kirsten E LykeCenter for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: klyke@som.umaryland.edu.
Robert L AtmarDepartments of Medicine and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Electronic address: ratmar@bcm.edu.
Clara Dominguez IslasVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Christine M PosavadVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Daniel SzydloStatistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Rahul Paul ChourdhuryStatistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Meagan E DemingCenter for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Amanda EatonDepartment of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Lisa A JacksonKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Angela R BrancheDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Hana M El SahlyDepartments of Medicine and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Christina A RostadDepartment of Pediatrics and Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Judith M MartinDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Christine JohnstonVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Richard E RuppSealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Mark J MulliganNYU Langone Vaccine Center and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Rebecca C BradyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Robert W FrenckCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Martín BäckerNYU Langone Hospital-Long Island Vaccine Center Research Clinic and Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
Angelica C KottkampNYU Langone Vaccine Center and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Tara M BabuDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Kumaravel RajakumarDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Srilatha EdupugantiDepartment of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Hope Clinic of Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
David DobrzynskiDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Rhea N ColerSeattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Janet I ArcherFHI360, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
Sonja CrandonDivision of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jillian A ZemanekStatistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention (SCHARP), University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Elizabeth R BrownVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Kathleen M NeuzilCenter for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
David S StephensDepartment of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Diane J PostDivision of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Seema U NayakDivision of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Mehul S SutharEmory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Paul C RobertsDivision of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
John H BeigelDivision of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
David C MontefioriDepartment of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. Electronic address: monte@duke.edu.
DMID 21-0012 Study Group
University of Washington · USNational Institutes of Health · USEmory University · USUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore · USBaylor College of Medicine · USCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · USDuke Medical Center · USNew York University · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · USUniversity of Rochester · USFamily Health International 360 · USIsland Hospital · USKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute · USSeattle Children's Hospital · US
Funding
Yerkes National Primate Research Center Role of type-I IFN in regulating COVID-19 induced inflammation and pathogenesisP51OD011132 · OD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Joon Sup Lee · 2012 to 2026
$167.0MVACCINE INDUCED IMMUNITY IN THE YOUNG AND AGEDU19AI057266 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Rafi Ahmed · 2003 to 2026
$81.7MLeadership Group for the Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium (IDCRCLG) - Momi-Vax DMID #21-0004 {Supplement #6}UM1AI148684 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI DAVID S STEPHENS · 2020 to 2026
$77.2MCollaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVICs): Component A: Vaccine Center75N93019C00050 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI MOODY, TONY · 2019 to 2025
$69.1MVTEU SupplementUM1AI148689 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI Karen L. Kotloff · 2020 to 2026
$52.7MVanderbilt Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit - KidCOVEUM1AI148452 · NIAID · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Clarence Buddy Creech · 2020 to 2026
$51.3MVaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units - DMID 21-0012UM1AI148576 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Nadine Georges Rouphael, Carlos del Rio · 2020 to 2026
$41.7MVaccine and Treatment Evaluation Units (VTEU)-DMID 21-0004UM1AI148575 · NIAID · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI HANA M EL SAHLY · 2020 to 2026
$29.4MNIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response: Universal Influenza Vaccine Research Activities75N93021C00017 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI LOWEN, ANICE · 2021 to 2025
$27.3MUniversity of Washington Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit - DMID 21-0012UM1AI148573 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Raymond Scott McClelland, Anna Wald · 2020 to 2026
$26.6MKaiser Washington VTEU supplement 20-0003UM1AI148373 · NIAID · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI LISA A JACKSON · 2020 to 2026
$24.4MEstablishment of the New York University Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit (NYU VTEU) - DMID 21-0012UM1AI148574 · NIAID · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Angelica Cifuentes Kottkamp, Anoma Nellore · 2020 to 2026
$23.9MNCI NIH HHS U54 CA260563NIAID NIH HHS 75N93019C00050NIAID NIH HHS 75N93021C00017NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201400004CNIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007524NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI057266NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148372NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148373NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148450NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148452NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148573NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148574NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148575NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148576NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148684NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI148689NIH HHS P51 OD011132
Abstract
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits reduced susceptibility to vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, requiring a boost to generate protective immunity. We assess the magnitude and short-term durability of neutralizing antibodies after homologous and heterologous boosting with mRNA and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. All prime-boost combinations substantially increase the neutralization titers to Omicron, although the boosted titers decline rapidly within 2 months from the peak response compared with boosted titers against the prototypic D614G variant. Boosted Omicron neutralization titers are substantially higher for homologous mRNA vaccine boosting, and for heterologous mRNA and Ad26.COV2.S vaccine boosting, compared with homologous Ad26.COV2.S boosting. Homologous mRNA vaccine boosting generates nearly equivalent neutralizing activity against Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 but modestly reduced neutralizing activity against BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5 compared with BA.1. These results have implications for boosting requirements to protect against Omicron and future variants of SARS-CoV-2. This trial was conducted under ClincalTrials.gov: NCT04889209.
Indexed as
COVID-19Viral VaccinesAd26COVS1Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralHumansmRNA VaccinesRNA, MessengerSARS-CoV-2Vaccines, SyntheticAd26COVS1Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralmRNA VaccinesRNA, MessengerVaccines, SyntheticViral VaccinesBA.2.12.1BA.4/BA.5boosterCOVID-19mRNA vaccineneutralizing antibodyOmicron variantrecombinant adenovirus vaccineSARS-CoV-2sublineage
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT04889209ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.