ArticleJournal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA2022
Agreement of infrared ear temperature with nasopharyngeal temperature and diagnostic performance on hypothermia in general anesthetized patients.
Article in Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07749209 (A Prospective Observational Method-Comparison Study of the Agreement Among Nasopharyngeal Temperature Probe, TaiDoc TD-1261 Infrared Tympanic Thermometer, and 3M SpotOn™ Zero-Heat-Flux Skin Sensor for Intraoperative Core Temperature Monitoring in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery Under General Anesthesia), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Observational Method-Comparison Study of the Agreement Among Nasopharyngeal Temperature Probe, TaiDoc TD-1261 Infrared Tympanic Thermometer, and 3M SpotOn™ Zero-Heat-Flux Skin Sensor for Intraoperative Core Temperature Monitoring in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery Under General Anesthesia
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Agreement of zero-heat-flux thermometry compared with infrared tympanic temperature monitoring in adults undergoing major surgery.European journal of medical research · 2025Observational
- Association between cooling temperature and outcomes of patients with heat stroke.Internal and emergency medicine · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfrared ear thermometry is widely used in clinical practice due to its noninvasive, convenient, and quick sampling. However, its accuracy and feasibility in anesthetized patients have not yet been established.
methodsWe conducted this cross-sectional study to evaluate the agreement between infrared ear temperature and nasopharyngeal temperature in general anesthetized patients and its performance in intraoperative hypothermia, defined as nasopharyngeal temperature <36°C. Adult female patients who underwent gynecological surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Infrared ear temperature by Braun ThermoScan PRO 4000 (Braun GmbH, Kronberg, Germany) and nasopharyngeal temperature were measured simultaneously before, during, and after surgery. The agreement between the two temperatures was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. The diagnostic performance of the infrared ear thermometer for hypothermia was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
resultsFifty-six patients with 168 pairs of simultaneous infrared ear and nasopharyngeal temperatures were included in this analysis. The mean infrared ear temperature was consistently higher than the nasopharyngeal temperature throughout surgery, but the differences were small (0.22, 0.13, and 0.06°C before, during, and after surgery, respectively). The ICC between the two temperatures before, during, and after surgery was 0.70, 0.75, and 0.80, respectively, and 93.5% of the differences fell within the 95% limits of agreement of ±0.5°C. An infrared ear thermometer had high diagnostic accuracy for hypothermia, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-0.98). The cutoff of infrared ear temperature for hypothermia was 36.2°C with a sensitivity of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.71-0.98) and a specificity of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81-0.92).
conclusionThe infrared ear temperature is in good agreement with the nasopharyngeal temperature in general anesthetized patients without hyperthermia and has high performance for detecting hypothermia. An infrared ear thermometer can be a diagnostic tool for intraoperative hypothermia.
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