ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2022
Heterogeneity in dog population characteristics contributes to chronic under-vaccination against rabies in Guatemala.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The vacuum effect in free-roaming dog management: Conceptual foundations, boundary conditions, and One Health implications.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Higher free-roaming dog density sustains rabies virus transmission in Haiti.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The return of human rabies: A foretold case in Latin America Through the Lens of One Health.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Chasing rabies herd immunity: evaluating dog vaccination strategies and post-vaccination survey reliability in urban and peri-urban Bangladesh.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Estimation of free-roaming dog populations using Google Street View: A methodological study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Dog ecology and rabies knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in the Northern Communal Areas of Namibia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Rabies vaccinations at the rural-urban divide: successes and barriers to dog rabies vaccination programs from a rural and urban campaign in Zambia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Guatemala has held dog rabies mass vaccination campaigns countrywide since 1984, yet the virus remains endemic. To eliminate dog-mediated human rabies, dog vaccination coverage must reach at least 70%. The Guatemala rabies program uses a 5:1 human:dog ratio (HDR) to estimate the vaccination coverage; however, this method may not accurately reflect the heterogeneity of dog ownership practices in Guatemalan communities. We conducted 16 field-based dog population estimates in urban, semi-urban and rural areas of Guatemala to determine HDR and evaluate the standard 5:1. Our study-derived HDR estimates varied from 1.7-11.4:1 (average 4.0:1), being higher in densely populated sites and lowest in rural communities. The community-to-community heterogeneity observed in dog populations could explain the persistence of rabies in certain communities. To date, this is the most extensive dog-population evaluation conducted in Guatemala, and can be used to inform future rabies vaccination campaigns needed to meet the global 2030 rabies elimination targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.