ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Changes Human Colostrum Immune Composition.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The CREM-IL-15 axis: decoding the persistence-exhaustion paradox in NK cell immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
- Association between the dietary inflammatory index and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The multifunctional role of bovine colostrum in managing diabetes: clinical insights and potential therapeutic effects.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Pilot Study of Growth Factors in Colostrum: How Delivery Mode and Maternal Health Impact IGF-1, EGF, NGF, and TGF-β Levels in Polish Women.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Impact of Maternal Chronic Inflammatory Conditions on Breast Milk Composition: Possible Influence on Offspring Metabolic Programming.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Role of Human Milk Microbiota in Infant Neurodevelopment: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The unrevealed links: periodontal health, human milk composition, and infant gut microbiome dynamics.Primary health care research & development · 2024Review
- Aberrant NK cell profile in gestational diabetes mellitus with fetal growth restriction.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- RISING STARS: Mechanistic insights into maternal-fetal cross talk and islet beta-cell development.The Journal of endocrinology · 2023Review
- Review
- Exploring Molecular Interactions between Human Milk Hormone Insulin and Bifidobacteria.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Cardiometabolic effects of breastfeeding on infants of diabetic mothers.World journal of diabetes · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast milk is considered a complete food for babies. Up to 7 days postpartum, it is known as colostrum, rich in immunological compounds, responsible for providing nutrition and ensuring immune protection. However, some maternal factors, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), can change the concentration of bioactive compounds present in the colostrum and may affect the development of the newborn's immune system. The effect of GDM on colostrum cytokine, chemokine, and growth factors is not well described. Thus, the present study evaluated whether the occurrence of GDM changes the concentration of biomarkers in the colostrum. A cross-sectional study was carried out on postpartum women who had healthy pregnancies and women who had been diagnosed with GDM. A sample of colostrum was collected for Luminex analysis. Our results showed that GDM mothers had higher secretion of cytokines and chemokines in the colostrum, with a higher concentration of IFN-g, IL-6, and IL-15, and a lower concentration of IL-1ra. Among growth factors, we identified a decreased concentration of GM-CSF in the colostrum of GDM mothers. Thus, the data obtained support the idea that the disease leads to immune alterations in the colostrum.
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