ReviewFrontiers in oncology2022
Dosing Regimens of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Attempts at Lower Dose, Less Frequency, Shorter Course.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeting CD6 in solid tumors: safety, early efficacy, and mechanistic insights from a proof-of-concept trial of itolizumab.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Five-year survival with neoadjuvant therapy in melanoma: updated pooled analysis from the International Neoadjuvant Melanoma Consortium (INMC).Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Semi-Mechanistic Modeling of S-531011, a Humanized Anti-CCR8 Monoclonal Antibody, for Prediction of CCR8 Receptor Occupancy in Human Tumor Tissues.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Implementing Project Optimus in Oncology Dosage Optimization: Where are We Now?Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Article
- Bacteria-mimicking cancer cells reprogram macrophages via multiple pattern recognition receptor pathways for cancer immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Dosing, duration, and timing controversies in determining immune checkpoint inhibitor dosing regimens.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Observational
- Predictors of severe immune-related adverse events during first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evidence of Cardiotoxic Immune Activation by Triple Immune Checkpoint Blockade: A Translational Alert for Clinical Surveillance in Patients With Cancer.Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint blockade targets macrophage PD-1 to exacerbate metabolic dysfunction.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2026Article
- Drug Repurposing in Oncology: A Strategic Pathway to Unlocking New Therapeutic Potential.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Review
- Use of low-dose immune checkpoint inhibitors in low- and middle-income countries: a national survey of oncologists and hematologists in Mexico.Ecancermedicalscience · 2026Article
- Eco Friendly and Budget Smart: An Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Alternative PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitor Dosing Regimens.PharmacoEconomics · 2025Article
- Reproductive impact of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in women with melanoma.F&S reports · 2025Article
- The Three Musketeers in Cancer Therapy: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Personalised Approach.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Optimizing Anti-PD1 Immunotherapy: An Overview of Pharmacokinetics, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.Cancers · 2025Review
- Combination of racotumomab immunotherapy with programmed death-1 blockade in a preclinical model of non-small cell lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Immune-related adverse events occurring rapidly after a single dose of immune checkpoint blockade.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a revolutionary breakthrough in the field of cancer by modulating patient's own immune system to exert anti-tumor effects. The clinical application of ICIs is still in its infancy, and their dosing regimens need to be continuously adjusted. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies showed a significant plateau in the exposure-response curve, with high receptor occupancy and plasma concentrations achieved at low dose levels. Coupled with concerns about drug toxicity and heavy economic costs, there has been an ongoing quest to reevaluate the current ICI dosing regimens while preserving maximum clinical efficacy. Many clinical data showed remarkable anticancer effects with ICIs at the doses far below the approved regimens, indicating the possibility of dose reduction. Our review attempts to summarize the clinical evidence for ICIs regimens with lower-dose, less-frequency, shorter-course, and provide clues for further ICIs regimen optimization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.