ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2022
Associations of gender identity with sexual behaviours, social stigma and sexually transmitted infections among adults who have sex with men in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metagenomic analysis reveals rectal microbiota features associated with HIV and behavioral factors in Nigerian men who have sex with men.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- '…it helps me to be able to do the right thing …': pilot of a waiting area chatbot to enhance self-assessment of HIV vulnerability and motivation for PrEP use in Nigeria.BMJ digital health & AI · 2026Article
- Assessing a Syndemic of Discrimination, Material Insecurity, Depression, Substance Use, and Violence Among Sexual and Gender Minorities in Nigeria Using Mixed Methods.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Associations between sexual identity and caries risk indicators among adolescents and adults in Nigeria: implications for policy and actions.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
- Examining the Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections in People Living with HIV/AIDS at a Community Health Center in Bandung City, Indonesia [Letter].HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Healthcare access and barriers to utilization among transgender and gender diverse people in Africa: a systematic review.BMC global and public health · 2024Review
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Prevalence and Association with Inflammatory Cytokines Among Sexual and Gender Minorities Living With and Without HIV-1 from Lagos, Nigeria.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- Transgender women in Kenya experience greater stigma, depressive symptoms, alcohol and drug use and risky sexual practices than cis-gendered men who have sex with men.BMC public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSexual and gender minority populations are disproportionately affected by the global syndemic of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We hypothesized that transgender women (TGW) and non-binary individuals in Nigeria have more STIs than cis-gender men who have sex with men (cis-MSM), and that experiences of stigma and sexual practices differ between these three groups.
methodsFrom 2013 to 2020, TRUST/RV368 enrolled adults assigned male sex at birth who reported anal sex with men in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. Participants were tested for STIs and completed questionnaires about sexual behaviours and social stigma every 3 months. Participants were categorized as cis-MSM, TGW or non-binary/other based on self-reported gender identity. Gender group comparisons were made of HIV, gonorrhoea and chlamydia prevalence and incidence; stigma indicators; and condom use during anal sex.
resultsAmong 2795 participants, there were 2260 (80.8%) cis-MSM, 284 (10.2%) TGW and 251 (9.0%) non-binary/other individuals with median age of 23 years (interquartile range 20-27). HIV prevalence among cis-MSM, TGW and non-binary/other participants was 40.8%, 51.5% and 47.6%, respectively (p = 0.002). HIV incidence was 8.7 cases per 100 person-years (PY) (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.9-10.8), 13.1 cases/100 PY (95% CI 6.5-23.4) and 17.6 cases/100 PY (95% CI 9.8-29.0, p = 0.025), respectively. Anorectal gonorrhoea incidence was lower in cis-MSM than TGW (22.2 [95% CI 19.6-25.0] vs. 35.9 [95% CI 27.3-46.3]). TGW were more likely than cis-MSM to report being affected by stigma, including assault (47.2% vs. 32.3%), fear of walking around (32.4% vs. 19.2%) and healthcare avoidance (25.0% vs. 19.1%; all p < 0.05). TGW were more likely to report always using condoms than non-binary/other individuals (35.3% vs. 26.2%, p = 0.041) during receptive anal sex.
conclusionsSexual and gender minorities in Nigeria have heterogeneous sexual behaviours and experiences of social stigma that may influence the vulnerability to HIV and other STIs. There is a need for tailored interventions that acknowledge and are informed by gender. Further research is needed, particularly among understudied non-binary individuals, to better understand disparities and inform tailored interventions to improve outcomes among these communities.
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