Observational studyBMC cardiovascular disorders2022
Evaluation of the significance of interleukin-6 in the diagnosis of postoperative pneumonia: a prospective study.
Observational study in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers associated with post-operative pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Procalcitonin for the diagnosis of postoperative bacterial infection after adult cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Procalcitonin as a biomarker for postoperative pneumonia: a study on dynamics following cardiopulmonary bypass in adults.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Building a diagnostic prediction model for severeFrontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Development of rabbit models of ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia produced by carbapenem-resistantAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Interleukin-6 on postoperative day three as an early predictor of infections following laparoscopic gastric cancer resection.BMC surgery · 2024Article
- Elevated lactate dehydrogenase predicts pneumonia in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Heliyon · 2024Article
- C-Reactive Protein as Predictor for Infectious Complications after Robotic and Open Esophagectomies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPostoperative pneumonia (PP) is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery. This study was designed to access the diagnostic value of interleukin-6 (IL-6) for pneumonia within the first 5 days after cardiac surgery in adults.
methodThis prospective observational study enrolled 694 patients who admitted to our center from 10 October 2020 to 30 June 2021. Blood samples were collected after admission and on five consecutive days after surgery to measure IL-6, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cells (WBC) respectively. Combined with clinical data, we assessed the diagnostic performance of different biomarkers using univariate and multifactorial analyses as well as receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC).
resultFinally, 68 patients were diagnosed with PP (PP Group). In addition, 626 cases were assigned to the control group (Non-PP Group). From postoperative day 1 (POD1) to day 5, IL-6 and PCT levels showed higher diagnostic value (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively); meanwhile, there was no difference in white blood cell counts between the two groups; CRP showed some value from POD2 onwards (P < 0.001). Among these biomarkers, IL-6 on POD1 [AUC: 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71-0.83], IL-6 on POD2 (AUC: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.71-0.82) and CRP levels on POD3 (AUC: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70-0.84) had the highest diagnostic value. Multivariate analysis found that smoking status [odds ratio(OR): 7.79, 95% CI: 3.05, 19.88, p < 0.001], drinking status (OR: 22.68, 95% CI: 9.29, 55.37, p < 0.001) and hypertension (OR: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.28, 6.35, p = 0.011), IL-6 on POD2 (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.01, p = 0.018), mechanical ventilation time (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05, p = 0.040) and intensive care unit stay time (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for postoperative pneumonia.
conclusionSmoking, drinking, hypertension, prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay, and IL-6 on POD2 were independent risk factors for pneumonia after cardiovascular surgery. IL-6 level on POD2 may serve as a promising indicator, better than WBC, PCT and CRP.
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