ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2022
Freeform 3D Ice Printing (3D-ICE) at the Micro Scale.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Suspended particles for omnidirectional template sacrifice for rapid vascular patterning within engineered tissues.Science advances · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional printing of ice structures via evaporative cooling in vacuum.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Topological Tracks Patterned via 3D Printing Vascularize Murine Organ-Scale Constructs.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Fast Image Segmentation Toward Automation of 3D Ice Printing.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Ice-phase optothermal tweezers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Freeze-Derived Microporous Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Applications.Smart medicine · 2026Review
- Sacrificial Templating for Accelerating Clinical Translation of Engineered Organs.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
- Physics of microscale freeform 3D printing of ice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Cryo-Electrohydrodynamic Jetting of Aqueous Silk Fibroin Solutions.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Article
- Fabricating biomimetic materials with ice-templating for biomedical applications.Smart medicine · 2023Review
- Freeform 3D Ice Printing (3D-ICE) at the Micro Scale.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Water is one of the most important elements for life on earth. Water's rapid phase-change ability along with its environmental and biological compatibility also makes it a unique structural material for 3D printing of ice structures reproducibly and accurately. This work introduces the freeform 3D ice printing (3D-ICE) process for high-speed and reproducible fabrication of ice structures with micro-scale resolution. Drop-on-demand deposition of water onto a -35 °C platform rapidly transforms water into ice. The dimension and geometry of the structures are critically controlled by droplet ejection frequency modulation and stage motions. The freeform approach obviates layer-by-layer construction and support structures, even for overhang geometries. Complex and overhang geometries, branched hierarchical structures with smooth transitions, circular cross-sections, smooth surfaces, and micro-scale features (as small as 50 µm) are demonstrated. As a sample application, the ice templates are used as sacrificial geometries to produce resin parts with well-defined internal features. This approach could bring exciting opportunities for microfluidics, biomedical devices, soft electronics, and art.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.