Development of a long-acting tablet with ticagrelor high-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers.

Ticagrelor (TCG), an antiplatelet agent, has low solubility and permeability; thus, there are many trials to apply the pharmaceutical technology for the enhancement of TCG solubility and permeability. Herein, we have developed the TCG high-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (HL-NLC) and solidified the HL-NLC to develop the oral tablet. The HL-NLC was successfully fabricated and optimized with a particle size of 164.5 nm, a PDI of 0.199, an encapsulation efficiency of 98.5%, and a drug loading of 16.4%. For the solidification of HL-NLC (S-HL-NLC), the adsorbent was determined based on the physical properties of the S-HL-NLC, such as bulk density, tap density, angle of repose, Hausner ratio, Carr's index, and drug content. Florite R was chosen because of its excellent adsorption capacity, excellent physical properties, and solubility of the powder after manufacturing. Using an S-HL-NLC, the S-HL-NLC tablet with HPMC 4 K was prepared, which is showed a released extent of more than 90% at 24 h. Thus, we have developed the sustained release tablet containing the TCG-loaded HL-NLC. Moreover, the formulations have exhibited no cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells and improved the cellular uptake of TCG. In pharmacokinetic study, compared with raw TCG, the bioavailability of HL-NLC and S-HL-NLC was increased by 293% and 323%, respectively. In conclusion, we successfully developed the TCG high-loaded NLC tablet, that exhibited a sustained release profile and enhanced oral bioavailability.