Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35794025›Full record

ArticleNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2022

Younger Age at Onset Is Associated With Worse Long-term Behavioral Outcomes in Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.

Anusha Yeshokumar, Eliza Gordon-Lipkin, Ana Arenivas, Mark Rosenfeld, Kristina Patterson, Raia Blum, Brenda Banwell, Arun Venkatesan, Eric Lancaster, Jessica Panzer and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Observational
  6. Ten Years ofNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025
    Article
  7. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025
    Observational
  8. Recent advances in autoimmune encephalitis.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2024
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Outcome and Sequelae of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Long-term effects of anti-Frontiers in neurology · 2023
    Article
  14. Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Anusha YeshokumarFrom the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.Y., R.B.), New York; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.G.-L., A.A., A.V., J. Probasco), Baltimore, MD; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.R., B.B., E.L., J. Panzer), PA; and University of Pennsylvania (K.P.), Philadelphia.
Eliza Gordon-LipkinFrom the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.Y., R.B.), New York; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.G.-L., A.A., A.V., J. Probasco), Baltimore, MD; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.R., B.B., E.L., J. Panzer), PA; and University of Pennsylvania (K.P.), Philadelphia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3134-2591
Ana ArenivasFrom the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.Y., R.B.), New York; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.G.-L., A.A., A.V., J. Probasco), Baltimore, MD; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.R., B.B., E.L., J. Panzer), PA; and University of Pennsylvania (K.P.), Philadelphia.
Mark RosenfeldFrom the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.Y., R.B.), New York; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.G.-L., A.A., A.V., J. Probasco), Baltimore, MD; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.R., B.B., E.L., J. Panzer), PA; and University of Pennsylvania (K.P.), Philadelphia.
Kristina PattersonFrom the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.Y., R.B.), New York; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.G.-L., A.A., A.V., J. Probasco), Baltimore, MD; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.R., B.B., E.L., J. Panzer), PA; and University of Pennsylvania (K.P.), Philadelphia.
Raia BlumFrom the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.Y., R.B.), New York; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.G.-L., A.A., A.V., J. Probasco), Baltimore, MD; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.R., B.B., E.L., J. Panzer), PA; and University of Pennsylvania (K.P.), Philadelphia.
Brenda BanwellFrom the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.Y., R.B.), New York; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.G.-L., A.A., A.V., J. Probasco), Baltimore, MD; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.R., B.B., E.L., J. Panzer), PA; and University of Pennsylvania (K.P.), Philadelphia.
Arun VenkatesanFrom the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.Y., R.B.), New York; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.G.-L., A.A., A.V., J. Probasco), Baltimore, MD; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.R., B.B., E.L., J. Panzer), PA; and University of Pennsylvania (K.P.), Philadelphia.
Eric LancasterFrom the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.Y., R.B.), New York; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.G.-L., A.A., A.V., J. Probasco), Baltimore, MD; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.R., B.B., E.L., J. Panzer), PA; and University of Pennsylvania (K.P.), Philadelphia.
Jessica PanzerFrom the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.Y., R.B.), New York; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.G.-L., A.A., A.V., J. Probasco), Baltimore, MD; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.R., B.B., E.L., J. Panzer), PA; and University of Pennsylvania (K.P.), Philadelphia.
John ProbascoFrom the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (A.Y., R.B.), New York; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (E.G.-L., A.A., A.V., J. Probasco), Baltimore, MD; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (M.R., B.B., E.L., J. Panzer), PA; and University of Pennsylvania (K.P.), Philadelphia. jprobas1@jhmi.edu.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesAnti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) is one of the most common causes of encephalitis. It typically presents in adolescence and young adulthood, but little is known about its potential long-term consequences across the lifespan. Adaptive behavior describes an individual's ability to respond and adapt to environmental demands and unanticipated changes in daily routines. In this study, we evaluate the relationship between features from clinical presentation, including age, and long-term adaptive behavior in participants with anti-NMDARE.

methodsCross-sectional informant-reported data were collected between 2017 and 2019 from 41 individuals/caregivers of individuals with anti-NMDARE treated at 3 major academic hospitals. Neurologic disability was assessed by record review using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Functional outcomes were assessed using the validated Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition (ABAS-3).

resultsThe mean age at the time of study enrollment was 23.4 years (SD 17.0 years), and the mean time from symptom onset to study enrollment was 4.0 years. Seventeen participants were aged <12 years at symptom onset, 19 participants were aged 12-30 years, and 5 participants were aged >30 years. Mean ABAS-3 scores at study enrollment for all participants were in the average range (mean general adaptive composite standard score 92.5, SD 18.7). Individuals aged <12 years at symptom onset had lower mean ABAS-3 scores and were in the below average range compared with those aged 12-30 years at symptom onset, whose mean scores were in the average range (87 vs 99, DISCUSSION: Although anti-NMDARE is associated with an overall favorable outcome, younger age at onset associates with worse long-term adaptive behavior despite no differences in neurologic disability. These findings suggest that the disease may have distinct consequences on the early developing brain. Future studies should evaluate behavioral recovery and quality of life after anti-NMDARE and identify additional factors associated with differential recovery.

Indexed as

Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor EncephalitisAdolescentAdultAge of OnsetBrainCross-Sectional StudiesHumansQuality of LifeYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID35794025
PMCPMC9258981
OpenAlexW4284881438

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.