ArticleAnnals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism2022
Classic and backdoor pathways of androgen biosynthesis in human sexual development.
Article in Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-biomarker models based on the androgen backdoor pathway for diagnosing 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Synthesis, Molecular Modeling and Assessment of Anticancer Activity of New Potential CYP17A1 Inhibitors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Problems in the use of chemical and functional nomenclatures for steroids in human physiology, biology and pharmacology.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Skin manifestations of hyperandrogenism: an update.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Review
- Androgen profiling in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Role ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Association of Atrazine-Induced Overexpression of Aldo-Keto-Reductase 1C2 (AKR1C2) with Hypoandrogenism and Infertility: An Experimental Study in Male Wistar Rat.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Overview of endocrine tumor syndromes manifesting as adrenal tumors.Ewha medical journal · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Chromium Picolinate on Testicular Steroidogenesis and Antioxidant Balance.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Androgen signalling in the ovaries and endometrium.Molecular human reproduction · 2023Review
- Primary culture and endocrine functional analysis of Leydig cells in ducks (Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Comprehensive transcriptome data to identify downstream genes of testosterone signalling in dermal papilla cells.Scientific data · 2022Article
- Commentary on "Classic and backdoor pathways of androgen biosynthesis in human sexual development".Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Both genes and hormones regulate human sexual development. Although ovarian hormones are not essential for female external genitalia development, male sexual development requires the action of testicular testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is the most active endogenous androgen formed by the conversion of testosterone in genital skin. This synthesis route from cholesterol to DHT is called the conventional classic pathway. Recent investigations have reported an alternative ("backdoor") route for DHT formation that bypasses fetal testicular testosterone. This alternative route plays a crucial role in human hyperandrogenic disorders like congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by P450c21 deficiency, polycystic ovary syndrome, and P450 oxidoreductase deficiency. In addition, mutations in AKR1C2 and AKR1C4, genes encoding 3α-reductases, have been implicated in disorders of sexual development, indicating that both the classic and backdoor routes are required for normal human male sexual development. More recently, androsterone was found to be the primary androgen of the human backdoor route. Androsterone and steroidal substrates specific to the backdoor route are predominantly found in the placenta, liver, and adrenal glands rather than in the testes. These findings are essential to understanding human sexual development.
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