ArticleBiological trace element research2023
Sex-Specific Associations of Urinary Metals with Renal Function: a Cross-sectional Study in China.
Article in Biological trace element research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between blood lead levels and serum creatinine: a cross-sectional study.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- "Aria di Ricerca in Valle del Serchio": a cross-sectional citizen science study to evaluate CKD prevalence and associations with environmental risk factors in the Serchio Valley (Lucca, Tuscany, Italy).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Metal concentrations and KIM-1 levels in school-aged children: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExtensive studies have revealed the link between heavy metals and CKD. Compared to single meta-elements, mixture of metals reflect real-life metals exposure scenarios and are of interest. However, the mechanism of action of metal mixture on renal function is unclear.
methodsThis study aimed to explore the potential relationship between urinary arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and chromium (Cr) contents with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels in 2775 participants. The levels of metals in urine were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We used linear regression models and the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to evaluate the association between metals and eGFR levels.
resultsIn linear regression analysis, urinary As (β = 2.723, 95%CI: 0.29, 5.157) and Pb (β = 3.081, 95%CI: 1.725, 4.438) were positively associated with eGFR in the total population. In the BKMR model, a mixture of the five metals had a positive joint effect on eGFR levels, while Pb (PIP = 0.996) contributed the most to eGFR levels. Pb was positively associated with eGFR levels in the total participants and women. As was positively correlated with eGFR levels in women. Pb and eGFR levels were positively correlated when the other metals were set at 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles.
conclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, all five metals mixed exposure was positively associated with eGFR. Pb showed more important effects than the other four metals in the mixture, especially in women.
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