Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35792021›Full record

Observational studyVaccine2022

The effect of needle length and skin to deltoid muscle distance in adults receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

Thomas Hills, Aimee Paterson, Rebecca Woodward, Francis Middleton, Lauren H Carlton, Reuben McGregor, Sebastien Barfoot, Ciara Ramiah, Alana L Whitcombe, Victor M Zimbron and 14 more

Open access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Vaccine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Thomas HillsMedical Research Institute of New Zealand, New Zealand; Auckland District Health Board, New Zealand.
Aimee PatersonSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Rebecca WoodwardAuckland Radiology Group Auckland Radiology Group, Auckland, New Zealand.
Francis MiddletonSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Lauren H CarltonSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Reuben McGregorSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Sebastien BarfootSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Ciara RamiahSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Alana L WhitcombeSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Victor M ZimbronSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
David MahuikaSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Joshua BrownSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Kate Palmer-NeelsSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Brittany ManningSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Devanshi JaniSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Brooke ReevesSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Georgia T WhittaSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Susan MorpethCounties Manukau District Health Board, New Zealand.
Richard BeasleyMedical Research Institute of New Zealand, New Zealand.
Mark WeatherallCapital and Coast District Health Board, New Zealand; University of Otago Wellington, New Zealand.
Anthony JordanAuckland District Health Board, New Zealand.
Peter McIntyreUniversity of Otago Wellington, New Zealand.
Nicole J MorelandSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: n.moreland@auckland.ac.nz.
S Ali MirjaliliSchool of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: a.mirjalili@auckland.ac.nz.
University of Auckland · NZAuckland District Health Board · NZUniversity of Otago · NZCounties Manukau District Health Board · NZMedical Research Institute of New Zealand · NZPacific Radiology (New Zealand) · NZ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe mRNA COVID vaccines are only licensed for intramuscular injection but it is unclear whether successful intramuscular administration is required for immunogenicity.

methodsIn this observational study, eligible adults receiving their first Comirnaty

resultsParticipants (n = 402) had a mean age of 34.7 years, BMI 29.1 kg/m

conclusionsA 25 mm needle length is likely to be inadequate to ensure vaccine deposition within the deltoid muscle in a small proportion of adults. Vaccine-induced spike antibody titres were comparable in those vaccinated with a needle of sufficient versus insufficient length suggesting deltoid muscle deposition may not be required for an adequate antibody response to mRNA vaccines.

Indexed as

COVID-19VaccinesAdultAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesDeltoid MuscleHumansImmunogenicity, VaccineRNA, MessengerAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesRNA, MessengerVaccinesCOVID-19Deltoid muscleImmunisationIntramuscular injectionNeedle lengthVaccination

Identifiers

PMID35792021
PMCPMC9239984
OpenAlexW4283709381

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.