Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35791336›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2022

Risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during 2020-2022 in Vojvodina, Serbia: A population-level observational study.

Snežana Medić, Cleo Anastassopoulou, Zagorka Lozanov-Crvenković, Vladimir Vuković, Nataša Dragnić, Vladimir Petrović, Mioljub Ristić, Tatjana Pustahija, Zoran Gojković, Athanasios Tsakris and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Compassionate Release and COVID-19: Analyzing Inconsistent Applications of the First Step Act by Federal Courts.The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · 2025
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3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Snežana MedićCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Cleo AnastassopoulouDepartment of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Zagorka Lozanov-CrvenkovićDepartment of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Vladimir VukovićCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Nataša DragnićCenter for Informatics and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Vladimir PetrovićCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Mioljub RistićCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Tatjana PustahijaCenter for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Zoran GojkovićFaculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Athanasios TsakrisDepartment of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
John P A IoannidisDepartments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Population Health, Biomedical Data Science, and Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
University of Novi Sad · RSNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRInstitute of Public Health of Vojvodina · RSStanford University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Data on the rate and severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in real-world settings are scarce and the effects of vaccine boosters on reinfection risk are unknown. Methods: In a population-level observational study, registered SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-confirmed Vojvodina residents, between March 6, 2020 and October 31, 2021, were followed for reinfection ≥90 days after primary infection. Data were censored at the end of follow-up (January 31, 2022) or death. The reinfection risk was visualized with Kaplan-Meier plots. To examine the protective effect of vaccination, the subset of individuals with primary infection in 2020 (March 6-December 31) were matched (1:2) with controls without reinfection. Findings: Until January 31, 2022, 13,792 reinfections were recorded among 251,104 COVID-19 primary infections (5.49%). Most reinfections (86.77%, 11,967/13,792) were recorded in January 2022. Reinfections were mostly mild (99.17%, 13,678/13,792). Hospitalizations were uncommon [1.08% (149/13,792) Interpretation: SARS-CoV-2 reinfections were uncommon until the end of 2021 but became common with the advent of Omicron. Very few reinfections were severe. Boosters may modestly reduce reinfection risk. Funding: No specific funding was obtained for this study.

Indexed as

BoostersCOVID-19 vaccinesReinfection riskReinfection severitySARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID35791336
PMCPMC9246704
OpenAlexW4283741728

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.