ArticleBMC medical education2022
Sex diversity within U.S. residencies: a cross-sectional study of trends from 2011 to 2019.
Article in BMC medical education, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Taking Leave During Breast Surgical Oncology Fellowship: A National Evaluation of Policy and Practice.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Abortion restrictions and female medical school applicants: A retrospective study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Have gender and ethnic disparities in ophthalmology disappeared? Insights from a workforce-based study in Israel (2006-2021).Israel journal of health policy research · 2025Article
- Gender disparities in application and admission to the medical residency program in Peru: A cross sectional study from 2016 to 2023.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Assessing the Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Applicants to Orthopaedic Surgery Residency.JB & JS open accessReview
- Female Non-orthopaedic Surgeon Faculty Are Associated with Female Resident Gender Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery Training Programs.JB & JS open accessReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite females comprising 50.8% of the U.S. population, the percentage of females in the physician workforce is only 36.3%. Studies have examined sex trends within select specialties, however there is insufficient literature studying trends across all specialties. In this study, the authors examined trends in the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties, including both surgical and non-surgical.
methodsData on the proportion of female residents from 2011 to 2019 in all specialties was extracted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Data Resource Books and analyzed with the chi-square test for trend.
resultsFrom 2011 to 2019, there was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of female residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.001) and no significant change in the percentage of female residents in non-surgical specialties. In the same time period, the specialty with the highest percentage of females was Obstetrics & Gynecology (81.3%), and the specialty with the lowest percentage of females was Orthopedic Surgery (13.8%).
conclusionsAlthough there has been a positive overall trend in the percentage of females entering medical and surgical specialties, the percentage of females in medicine overall still lies below that of the entire population. Increased efforts are needed to increase female representation in medicine, especially in the U.S. in specialties where they are traditionally underrepresented.
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