Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35790786›Full record

SynthesisProstate cancer and prostatic diseases2022

Modifiable risk factors for prostate cancer in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Filipe Cirne, Coralea Kappel, Shijie Zhou, Som D Mukherjee, Mahshid Dehghan, Jo-Anne Petropoulos, Darryl P Leong

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
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  7. Article
  8. Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment in Prostate Cancer.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
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  10. Review
  11. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Filipe CirneDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada. cirnemd@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-8420-7628
Coralea KappelDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Shijie ZhouDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Som D MukherjeeDivision of Medical Oncology, Departmentof Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Mahshid DehghanThe Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Jo-Anne PetropoulosHealth Sciences Library, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Darryl P LeongDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Hamilton Health Sciences · CAMcMaster University · CAPopulation Health Research Institute · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMost of the epidemiological data on prostate cancer risk factors come from high-income countries (HIC). Reducing exposure to prostate cancer modifiable risk factors may significantly lower PCa morbidity and mortality in LIC and MIC. The objective of this study was to summarize the evidence on modifiable risk factors (RFs) for PCa in LIC and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC).

methodsWe conducted a systematic search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Global Health databases. We selected case-control and cohort studies from 2010 onwards that studied modifiable RFs for PCa in LIC and LMIC with a population of 30 million or more, as defined by the World Bank in January 2021. Risk of bias was assessed by the Ottawa-Newcastle tool. Individual study estimates were pooled when estimates were available for at least two studies.

results5740 studies were initially identified; 16 studies met inclusion criteria. All were case-control studies except one retrospective cohort study. Higher fat intake was associated with a higher risk of PCa incidence with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.13 (95% CI 1.33-7.33). Higher vegetable intake (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24-0.97) and tea consumption (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.83) were associated with a lower risk for PCa. There was no association between fruits, fish, and chicken consumption and risk of PCa. Alcohol consumption, smoking, red meat intake, and a BMI ≥ 25-30 kg/m

conclusionsIn LIC and LMIC, high fat intake was associated with higher risk of PCa while a diet rich in vegetables and tea intake was associated with a lower risk. Future prospective studies will be important to elucidate whether other modifiable risk factors for PCa specific to LIC and LMIC can be identified to inform impactful and cost-effective preventive strategies in these countries.

Indexed as

Developing CountriesProstatic NeoplasmsHumansMaleProspective StudiesRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTeaTea

Identifiers

PMID35790786
OpenAlexW4283816500

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.