ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2022
Risk factors for group A streptococcal pharyngitis and skin infections: A case control study.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Household Transmission of Strep A: A Potential Site for Prevention That Has Eluded Attention.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Mapping infant streptococcal mortality burden in low- and middle-income countries: temporal trends, geospatial patterns, and socioeconomic determinants.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Māori and Pacific People's perspectives on Group A Streptococcus vaccine development and delivery in Aotearoa, New Zealand.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Review
- Risk factors for Streptococcus pyogenes skin infections during an outbreak in Ethiopia: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- New evidence supports a greater focus on streptococcal skin infections to prevent rheumatic fever.The Medical journal of Australia · 2025Article
- Article
- Capturing the complete clinical spectrum and incidence of severe acute Group AThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Magnitude and associated factors of atrial fibrillation, and its complications among adult rheumatic heart diseases patients in governmental hospitals in Bahir Dar Town, Northwest Ethiopia 2024.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Global spread of Streptococcus pyogenes A genomics-supported narrative review.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- The roles of immuno-modulator treatment and echocardiographic screening in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease control: research from Aotearoa, New Zealand.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2025Review
- Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis elicits diverse antibody responses to key vaccine antigens influenced by the imprint of past infections.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The intricate pathogenicity of Group AVirulence · 2024Review
- Article
- The Emergence and Impact of the M1Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Development and characterization of a hemolysis inhibition assay to determine functionality of anti-Streptolysin O antibodies in human sera.Journal of immunological methods · 2024Article
- A worldwide population ofThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Article
- He Kāinga Oranga: reflections on 25 years of measuring the improved health, wellbeing and sustainability of healthier housing.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Group A streptococcal (GAS) infections can trigger an immune-mediated response resulting in acute rheumatic fever (ARF). The role of social and environmental risk factors for GAS pharyngitis and skin infections are not well understood. This study aimed to identify factors associated with GAS pharyngitis and skin infections, and to determine if these are the same as those for ARF. Methods: A case-control study, including 733 children aged 5-14 years, was undertaken between March 2018 and October 2019 in Auckland, New Zealand. Healthy controls ( Findings: Multivariable analysis identified strong associations between barriers to accessing primary healthcare and having GAS pharyngitis (adjusted OR 3·3; 95% CI 1·8-6·0), GAS carriage (aOR 2·9; 95% CI 1·5-6·0) or a GAS skin infection (aOR 3·5; 95% CI 1·6-7·6). Children who had GAS skin infections were more likely than all other groups to report living in a crowded home (aOR 1·9; 95% CI 1·0-3·4), have Māori or Pacific grandparents (aOR 3·0; 95% CI 1·2-7·6), a family history of ARF (aOR 2·2; 95% CI 1·1-4·3), or having a previous diagnosis of eczema (aOR 3·9; 95% CI 2·2-6·9). Interpretation: Reducing barriers to accessing primary healthcare (including financial restrictions, the inability to book an appointment, lack of transport, and lack of childcare for other children) to treat GAS pharyngitis and skin infections could potentially reduce these infections and lead to a reduction in their sequelae, including ARF. These strategies should be co-designed and culturally appropriate for the communities being served and carefully evaluated. Funding: This work was supported by the Health Research Council of New Zealand (HRC), award number 16/005.
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