ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2022
Spatial clusters, social determinants of health and risk of COVID-19 mortality in Brazilian children and adolescents: A nationwide population-based ecological study.
Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors of COVID-19 Severity and Related Death in Children in the Post-Pandemic Era.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Social Determinants of Health Patterns in Children with Severe Disease Due to SARS-CoV-2 Infection-An Exploratory Approach.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clustering-based methodology for comparing multi-characteristic epidemiological dynamics with application to COVID-19 epidemiology in Europe.Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- Early-life mortality rates in Brazil and progress toward meeting related sustainable development goals: a nationwide population study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Mapping the spatial and temporal frequency of systemic lupus erythematosus in Brazil.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Indigenous Pataxó community of Southern Bahia, Brazil: second wave of transmission and vaccine effects.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Understanding long COVID: prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Using generalized structured additive regression models to determine factors associated with and clusters for COVID-19 hospital deaths in South Africa.BMC public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome in Brazilian newborns in 2020-2021.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Data regarding the geographical distribution of cases and risk factors for COVID-19 death in children and adolescents are scarce. We describe the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases and deaths in paediatric population and their association with social determinants of health in Brazil. Methods: This is a population-based ecological study with a spatial analysis of all cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazil among children and adolescents aged 0-19 years from March 2020 to October 2021. The units of analysis were the 5570 municipalities. Data on COVID-19 cases and deaths, social vulnerability, health inequities, and health system capacity were obtained from publicly available databases. Municipalities were stratified from low to very high COVID-19 incidence and mortality using K-means clustering procedures, and spatial clusters and relative risks were estimated using spatial statistics with Poisson probability models. The relationship between COVID-19 estimates and social determinants of health was explored by using multivariate Beta regression techniques. Findings: A total of 33,991 COVID-19 cases and 2424 deaths among children and adolescents aged 0-19 years were recorded from March 2020 to October 2021. There was a spatial dependence for the crude mortality coefficient per 100,000 population in the paediatric population aged 0-19 years (I Moran 0·10; Interpretation: The main clusters of risk for mortality among children and adolescents were identified in municipalities in the North and Northeast regions, which are the regions with the worst socioeconomic indicators and greatest health disparities in the country. Our findings confirmed the higher burden of COVID-19 for Brazilian paediatric population in municipalities with higher social inequality and vulnerability and worse socioeconomic indicators. To reduce the burden of COVID-19 on children, mass immunisation is necessary. Funding: None.
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