ArticleNature biomedical engineering2022
Exosomes decorated with a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain as an inhalable COVID-19 vaccine.
Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 255 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Bioengineering strategies for improving the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Engineering bispecific exosome activators of T cells to target immune checkpoint inhibitor-resistant metastatic melanoma.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Beyond the genetic code: orchestrating epigenetic and immune landscapes with multivalent mRNA-exosome vaccines.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Intranasal DNA nanocarrier vaccines with surface-patterned antigens enhance efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial Strategies for Pulmonary Delivery of Immunotherapeutics in Lung Cancer Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Microfluidic Platforms for Exosome Engineering: Scalable Therapeutics for Cancer Immunotherapy and Infectious Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Schwann cell derived extracellular vesicles are multifunctional nanotherapeutic mediators for diabetic oral mucosal wound healing.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Inhaled Virus-Mimicking Particles Elicit Dose-Dependent Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 with Sex-Bias ACE2 Activity in Mice.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Smart nebulized ROS-responsive hydrogel microspheres loaded with UC-MSCs-derived exosomes for the treatment of acute lung injury.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Exosome-based vaccines in cancer immunotherapy: antitumor mechanisms, engineering strategies, and challenges.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- MiR-1290 in natural killer cell derived extracellular vesicles: a pathogenic mediator of lupus nephritis and therapeutic target for th17 regulation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- From Uptake to Therapeutic Function in Engineered Exosome Delivery Systems.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Engineered exosome biomedical technologies for precision diagnosis and therapy in orthopedic diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Genetic engineering of systemically injectable oncolytic viruses for pyroptosis-accelerated cancer virotherapy.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles as new-age vaccine carriers: a focused account on viral diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles as vaccine platforms: emerging opportunities for malaria.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology in COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis, and treatment: a comprehensive review.Discover nano · 2025Review
- Engineering Anti-Tumor Immunity: An Immunological Framework for mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The first two mRNA vaccines against infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that were approved by regulators require a cold chain and were designed to elicit systemic immunity via intramuscular injection. Here we report the design and preclinical testing of an inhalable virus-like-particle as a COVID-19 vaccine that, after lyophilisation, is stable at room temperature for over three months. The vaccine consists of a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) conjugated to lung-derived exosomes which, with respect to liposomes, enhance the retention of the RBD in both the mucus-lined respiratory airway and in lung parenchyma. In mice, the vaccine elicited RBD-specific IgG antibodies, mucosal IgA responses and CD4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.