ArticleGastroenterology2022
Association of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Proton pump inhibitors associated with an increased risk of mortality in elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of concomitant proton pump inhibitors in patients treated for advanced or metastatic NSCLC: a target trial emulation protocol.ESMO real world data and digital oncology · 2026Article
- Variability in Post-Discharge Mortality Rates and Predictors over Time: Data from a Five-Year Ward-Wide Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Proton pump inhibitors have no effect on short or long term rebleeding or mortality in patients with overt gastrointestinal bleeding.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Proton pump inhibitors and 1-year risk of adverse outcomes after discharge from internal medicine wards: an observational study in the REPOSI cohort.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Observational
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Worsening Kidney Function: A Retrospective Cohort Study Including 122,606 Acid-Suppressing Users.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Hyponatremia Associated with the Use of Common Antidepressants in the All of Us Research Program.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Observational
- Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion increase oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity leading to vascular remodeling.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Article
- Biases in Electronic Health Records Data for Generating Real-World Evidence: An Overview.Journal of healthcare informatics research · 2024Article
- Navigating the risks of using concomitant antipeptic agents in light of osteoporotic concerns.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk of pneumonia associated with proton pump inhibitor use.Journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Proton pump inhibitors and gastroprotection in patients treated with antithrombotic drugs: A cardiologic point of view.World journal of cardiology · 2023Review
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12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsThe use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has increased rapidly in the past 2 decades. Concerns about the regular use of PPIs contributing to mortality have been raised.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study using data collected from the Nurses' Health Study (2004-2018) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (2004-2018). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for mortality according to PPI use. We used a modified lag-time approach to minimize reverse causation (ie, protopathic bias).
resultsAmong 50,156 women and 21,731 men followed for 831,407 person-years and a median of 13.8 years, we documented 22,125 deaths, including 4592 deaths from cancer, 5404 from cardiovascular diseases, and 12,129 deaths from other causes. Compared with nonusers of PPIs, PPI users had significantly higher risks of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13-1.24) and mortality due to cancer (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.17-1.44), cardiovascular diseases (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.26), respiratory diseases (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.12-1.56), and digestive diseases (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.10-2.05). Upon applying lag times of up to 6 years, the associations were attenuated and no longer statistically significant (all-cause: HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97-1.11; cancer: HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.89-1.28; cardiovascular diseases: HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.81-1.10; respiratory diseases: HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.95-1.50; digestive diseases: HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.88-2.18). Longer duration of PPI use did not confer higher risks for all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
conclusionsAfter accounting for protopathic bias, PPI use was not associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality and mortality due to major causes.
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