ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2022
Noninvasive interrogation of CD8+ T cell effector function for monitoring early tumor responses to immunotherapy.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06916442 (A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Exploratory Study of Granzyme B-Targeted PET Imaging for Evaluating Tumor Response to Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Exploratory Study of Granzyme B-Targeted PET Imaging for Evaluating Tumor Response to Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Unlocking the therapeutic potential of immuno-radiotherapy: insights from preclinical and clinical research.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Improved early response assessment of chemoimmunotherapy efficacy byEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- ICAM-1 promotes T cell glycolytic reprogramming and tumor infiltration to drive 18F-FDG PET flares following radiotherapy.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- Targeting Cytotoxic T-Cell Effector Function with Granzyme B PET: Translational Advances Toward Predicting Immunotherapy Outcomes.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- Nano-enabled spatially selective protein degradation modulates lactate metabolism to potentiate antitumor immunity in liver cancer.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Bioorthogonal Fluorogenic Reporters for Noninvasive Imaging and Urinalysis of Immunotherapeutic Response in Renal Cell Carcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Metabolic [¹⁸F]F-AraG PET imaging of T Cell activation: a functional complement to cell-specific immune tracers.EJNMMI research · 2026Review
- Tumour Microenvironment-Informed Radiotheranostics: Why and How Nuclear Medicine Could Advance Precision Oncology in the Decade Ahead.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Imaging Immunotherapy.Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer · 2026Review
- Molecular PET and immuno-PET in gastric cancer immunotherapy: current evidence, clinical utilities, and translational barriers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The application and prospect of granzyme B-targeted PET imaging in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Granzyme B PET Imaging Enables Detection of CAR T-Cell Therapy Response in a Human Melanoma Mouse Model.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of a novelJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Approaches to Imaging Immune Activation Using PET.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2025Review
- Tumor cell-intrinsic BIN1 deficiency promotes the immunosuppression and impedes ferroptosis of non-small cell lung cancer via G3BP1-mediated degradation of STAT1.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Skeletal muscle index/systemic immune-inflammation index (SMI/SII) ratio predicts prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Novel Clinical PET Tracers in the Pipeline for Melanoma.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Review
- Imaging antigen processing and presentation in cancer.Immunotherapy advances · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accurately identifying patients who respond to immunotherapy remains clinically challenging. A noninvasive method that can longitudinally capture information about immune cell function and assist in the early assessment of tumor responses is highly desirable for precision immunotherapy. Here, we show that PET imaging using a granzyme B-targeted radiotracer named 68Ga-grazytracer, could noninvasively and effectively predict tumor responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell transfer therapy in multiple tumor models. 68Ga-grazytracer was designed and selected from several radiotracers based on non-aldehyde peptidomimetics, and exhibited excellent in vivo metabolic stability and favorable targeting efficiency to granzyme B secreted by effector CD8+ T cells during immune responses. 68Ga-grazytracer permitted more sensitive discrimination of responders and nonresponders than did 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, distinguishing between tumor pseudoprogression and true progression upon immune checkpoint blockade therapy in mouse models with varying immunogenicity. In a preliminary clinical trial with 5 patients, no adverse events were observed after 68Ga-grazytracer injection, and clinical responses in cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy were favorably correlated with 68Ga-grazytracer PET results. These results highlight the potential of 68Ga-grazytracer PET to enhance the clinical effectiveness of granzyme B secretion-related immunotherapies by supporting early response assessment and precise patient stratification in a noninvasive and longitudinal manner.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.