ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
STING activation promotes robust immune response and NK cell-mediated tumor regression in glioblastoma models.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- cGAS-STING agonists in preclinical glioblastoma animal models: a systematic review of tumor microenvironment modulation and survival outcomes.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Differential Expression of hsa-miR-34c-5p, hsa-miR-200b-3p, hsa-miR-320a-3p and Their Target Genes Determine Survival in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- cGAS-STING pathway modulation: A new hope for neural regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Lactate-Induced K370 Lactylation of STING Inhibits STING-TBK1 Signaling and Dampens Anti-Tumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- First-in-Class Immuno-Oncology Drug APG157DS Repolarizes Innate Immune Cells and Induces Durable Remission in a Syngeneic Glioblastoma Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The diversity of STING in regulating immune cell function and its role in liver diseases: from bench to bedside.Cell & bioscience · 2026Review
- The MIRO1-BAX Complex Dictates Life and Death at the Mitochondrial Gate.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ciliated Cells Drive Critical STING-Mediated Tumor Suppression in the Fallopian Tube Epithelium.Cancer research · 2026Article
- DNA-PKcs inhibition sensitizes glioblastoma to radiotherapy through reprogramming of tumor cell states and immune microenvironment cell types.Research square · 2026Article
- Polyelectrolyte nanoparticles enable intracellular delivery of STING protein fragments for ovarian cancer immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- PTPN2 inhibition unleashes response to STING agonism in head and neck squamous cell cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Meningioma microenvironment harbors a rich immune landscape that evolves with biological state.Neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- Dual-Function Lipid-Based Nanovector Strategy for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: STING Activation and M1 Microglia Polarization.Drug development research · 2026Review
- Overcoming blood-brain barrier and chemoresistance in glioblastoma by Angiopep-2-modified NK cell-derived extracellular vesicles for targeted delivery of temozolomide.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Autologous tumor-immune effusion cocultures enable ex vivo functional profiling of radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Endogenous immune recruitment in glioblastoma CAR T therapy: cytokine, myeloid, and chemokine circuitry.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Enhancement of NK cell activity via DNA-sensing inhibition by Poxin transgene.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Engineered Small Extracellular Vesicles Targeting Tumor-Associated Endothelial Cells to Effectively Remodel the Glioma Microenvironment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapy has had a tremendous impact on cancer treatment in the past decade, with hitherto unseen responses at advanced and metastatic stages of the disease. However, the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) is highly immunosuppressive and remains largely refractory to current immunotherapeutic approaches. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) DNA sensing pathway has emerged as a next-generation immunotherapy target with potent local immune stimulatory properties. Here, we investigated the status of the STING pathway in GBM and the modulation of the brain tumor microenvironment (TME) with the STING agonist ADU-S100. Our data reveal the presence of STING in human GBM specimens, where it stains strongly in the tumor vasculature. We show that human GBM explants can respond to STING agonist treatment by secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In murine GBM models, we show a profound shift in the tumor immune landscape after STING agonist treatment, with massive infiltration of the tumor-bearing hemisphere with innate immune cells including inflammatory macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) populations. Treatment of established murine intracranial GL261 and CT-2A tumors by biodegradable ADU-S100-loaded intracranial implants demonstrated a significant increase in survival in both models and long-term survival with immune memory in GL261. Responses to treatment were abolished by NK cell depletion. This study reveals therapeutic potential and deep remodeling of the TME by STING activation in GBM and warrants further examination of STING agonists alone or in combination with other immunotherapies such as cancer vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, NK therapies, and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.