ArticleLiver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver2022
Hepatic abnormalities in youth with Turner syndrome.
Article in Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome.European journal of endocrinology · 2024Guideline
- Burden of Liver Disease Among Individuals With Turner Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome: A Comprehensive Perspective.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Approach to the Patient With Turner Syndrome.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Turner Syndrome and Hepatic Adenomas: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Sex Hormones and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Porto-Sinusoidal Vascular Disorder: An Under-Recognized Liver Manifestation in Turner Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Elevated Liver Enzymes in Turner Syndrome: The Role of Low-grade Inflammation and Hormonal Imbalances.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Systemic Inflammatory Indices and Liver Dysfunction in Turner Syndrome Patients: A Retrospective Case-control Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Associations Between Fatigue and Endocrine and Non-endocrine Health Problems in Turner Syndrome: Cohort Study and Review.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Review
- Organ Abnormalities Caused by Turner Syndrome.Cells · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsLiver disease in children with Turner Syndrome (TS) is poorly understood relative to associated growth, cardiac and reproductive complications. This study sought to better characterize hepatic abnormalities in a large national cohort of youth with TS.
methodsUsing electronic health record data from PEDSnet institutions, 2145 females with TS were matched to 8580 females without TS on eight demographic variables. Outcomes included liver enzymes (AST and ALT) stratified as normal, 1-2 times above the upper limit of normal (ULN), 2-3 times ULN and >3 times ULN, as well as specific liver disease diagnoses.
resultsFifty-eight percent of youth with TS had elevated liver enzymes. Patients with TS had higher odds of enzymes 1-2 times ULN (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4-1.9), 2-3 times ULN (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.7-3.3) and >3 times ULN (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3-2.2). They also had higher odds of any liver diagnosis (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.7-3.3), fatty liver disease (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.2), hepatitis (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.9-7.1), cirrhosis/fibrosis (OR: 5.8, 95% CI: 1.3-25.0) and liver tumour/malignancy (OR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.4-17.0). In a multinomial model, age, BMI and presence of cardiovascular disease or diabetes significantly increased the odds of elevated liver enzymes in girls with TS.
conclusionsYouth with TS have higher odds for elevated liver enzymes and clinically significant liver disease compared with matched controls. These results emphasize the need for clinical screening and additional research into the aetiology and treatment of liver disease in TS. LAY SUMMARY: Turner Syndrome, a chromosomal condition in which females are missing the second sex chromosome, is often associated with short stature, infertility and cardiac complications. Liver abnormalities are less well described in the literature. In this study, nearly 60% of youth with TS have elevated liver enzymes. Furthermore, patients with TS had a diagnosis of liver disease more often than patients without TS. Our results support the importance of early and consistent liver function screening and of additional research to define mechanisms that disrupt liver function in paediatric TS females.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.