ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Elevated Expression of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Is Associated With Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute exacerbation in fibrotic interstitial lung disease: an international working group report.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Serum growth differentiation factor 15 as a candidate biomarker associated with interstitial lung disease in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a clinical cross-sectional study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Research progress on the biological function and molecular mechanism of GDF-15 in solid malignant tumors.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- A biomarker-guided framework for corticosteroid treatment stratification in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Large scale plasma proteomic profiles improve prediction of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in general population.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and markers of lung ageing in health and disease.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Disease-Specific Novel Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in Organ Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Persistence of dysfunctional immune response 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and their relationship with pulmonary sequelae and long COVID.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis a narrative review primary focus on treatments.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- Antifibrotic Drugs against Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches and Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- GDF15 as a potential biomarker to distinguish fibrotic from non-fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Animal models of acute exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis.Respiratory research · 2023Review
- Acute Exacerbations of Interstitial Lung Diseases: Focus on Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Backgrounds: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a highly divergent member of the TGF-β superfamily and has been implicated in various biological functions. However, the expression of GDF-15 in patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is unclear. Method: The study included 47 AE-IPF patients, 61 stable IPF (S-IPF) subjects, and 31 healthy controls (HCs). Serum GDF-15 levels and their expression in the lung were measured. The correlation between serum GDF-15 and other clinical parameters and the risk factors for AE occurrence and the survival of IPF patients were analyzed. Results: Serum GDF-15 levels were significantly elevated in AE-IPF patients (1279.22 ± 540.02 pg/ml) as compared with HCs (891.30 ± 479.90 pg/ml) or S-IPF subjects (107.82 ± 14.21 pg/ml) (both p < 0.001). The protein and mRNA expressions of GDF-15 in the lung of AE-IPF patients were significantly increased as compared with S-IPF cases (p = 0.007 and p = 0.026, respectively). The serum GDF-15 level was correlated with the clinical variables of inflammation, metabolism, and disease severity in IPF subjects (all p < 0.05). The GDF-15 serum concentration was significantly higher in decedents than in survivors (p = 0.005). A serum GDF-15 level above 989.3 pg/ml was a risk factor for AE occurrence (p = 0.04), and the level above 1,075.76 pg/ml was an independent predictor for survival in IPF cases (p = 0.007). Conclusions: The GDF-15 level was significantly elevated in subjects with AE-IPF. GDF-15 could be a promising biomarker for AE occurrence and survival in IPF patients.
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