ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Dynamic Changes in Uterine NK Cell Subset Frequency and Function Over the Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Macrophages in Endometrial Cyclical Changes and Female Reproductive System Diseases: A Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Menstruation is Associated With Cyclical Granulysin Peaks in Vaginal Secretions Despite Stable Expression by Cervicovaginal Immune Cells.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Article
- Derivation of functional early gestation decidual natural killer cell subtypes from induced pluripotent stem cells.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2026Article
- Multi-omics biomarkers in female fertility: from oocyte quality to endometrial receptivity and clinical translation.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- The recent advancements of single-cell RNA sequencing in pre-eclampsia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Application of single-cell RNA sequencing in preeclampsia.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Review
- Clustering of Uterine Natural Killer Cells Around Uterine Glands in Women with Recurrent Implantation Failure and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: An Immunohistochemical Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Dual Role of Natural Killer Cells in Early Pregnancy: Immunopathological Implications and Therapeutic Potential in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion and Recurrent Implantation Failure.Cell proliferation · 2025Review
- Granulysin-high decidual NK cells in macaques and humans share signatures of immune defense.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Innate Lymphoid Cells in Reproductive Health and Disease.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Murine modeling of menstruation identifies immune correlates of protection during Chlamydia muridarum challenge.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The maternal-fetal interface at single-cell resolution: uncovering the cellular anatomy of the placenta and decidua.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Review
- Short-term oral zinc supplementation enhances Natural Killer cell functionality and decreases circulating Innate Lymphoid Cell counts and frequencies in healthy young adults.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Dynamic roles of ILC3 in endometrial repair and regeneration.Discovery immunology · 2025Article
- Inflammatory, Functional, and Compositional Changes of the Uterine Immune Microenvironment in a Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Mouse Model.Journal of cellular immunology · 2025Article
- The Placenta as an Immunological Environment.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Gene Regulatory Network Analysis of Decidual Stromal Cells and Natural Killer Cells.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of immune cell dynamics in the healthy human endometrium.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
- A New Look at Immunogenetics of Pregnancy: Maternal Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Educates Uterine Natural Killer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Androgens Modulate the Immune Profile in a Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Uterine natural killer cells (uNK) play an important role in promoting successful pregnancy by regulating trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodelling in the first trimester. Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on first-trimester decidua showed that uNK can be divided into three subsets, which may have different roles in pregnancy. Here we present an integration of previously published scRNAseq datasets, together with novel flow cytometry data to interrogate the frequency, phenotype, and function of uNK1-3 in seven stages of the reproductive cycle (menstrual, proliferative, secretory phases of the menstrual cycle; first, second, and third trimester; and postpartum). We found that uNK1 and uNK2 peak in the first trimester, but by the third trimester, the majority of uNK are uNK3. All three subsets are most able to degranulate and produce cytokines during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and express KIR2D molecules, which allow them to interact with HLA-C expressed by placental extravillous trophoblast cells, at the highest frequency during the first trimester. Taken together, our findings suggest that uNK are particularly active and able to interact with placental cells at the time of implantation and that uNK1 and uNK2 may be particularly involved in these processes. Our findings are the first to establish how uNK frequency and function change dynamically across the healthy reproductive cycle. This serves as a platform from which the relationship between uNK function and impaired implantation and placentation can be investigated. This will have important implications for the study of subfertility, recurrent miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, and pre-term labour.
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Registered trials
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