ArticleJOR spine2022
Comparison and optimization of sheep in vivo intervertebral disc injury model.
Article in JOR spine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Challenge-Oriented Review of Delivery Systems for Cell and Gene Therapies in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Ovine models of intervertebral disc degeneration.Annals of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Animal Models of Intervertebral Disc Diseases: Advantages, Limitations, and Future Directions.Neurology international · 2024Review
- Lateral fenestration of lumbar intervertebral discs in rabbits: development and characterisation of an in vivo preclinical model with multi-modal endpoint analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2024Article
- Correlation between Disc Imaging Observations and Clinical Efficacy after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy: A 1-Year Follow-up Study.Orthopaedic surgery · 2024Article
- Combining adhesive and nonadhesive injectable hydrogels for intervertebral disc repair in an ovine discectomy model.JOR spine · 2023Article
- Melatonin-loaded self-healing hydrogel targets mitochondrial energy metabolism and promotes annulus fibrosus regeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- Recommendations for intervertebral disc notochordal cell investigation: From isolation to characterization.JOR spine · 2023Article
- Review
- Homing of vertebral-delivered mesenchymal stromal cells for degenerative intervertebral discs repair - an in vivo proof-of-concept study.JOR spine · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The current standard of care for intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation, surgical discectomy, does not repair annulus fibrosus (AF) defects, which is partly due to the lack of effective methods to do so and is why new repair strategies are widely investigated and tested preclinically. There is a need to develop a standardized IVD injury model in large animals to enable comparison and interpretation across preclinical study results. The purpose of this study was to compare Methods: Six skeletally mature sheep were randomly assigned to one of the two observation periods (1 and 3 months) and underwent creation of 3 different AF defect types (slit, cruciate, and box-cut AF defects) in conjunction with 0.1 g NP removal in three lumbar levels using a lateral retroperitoneal surgical approach. The spine was monitored by clinical CT scans pre- and postoperatively, at 2 weeks and euthanasia, and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology after euthanasia to determine the severity of degeneration (disc height loss, Pfirrmann grading, semiquantitative histopathology grading). Results: All AF defects led to significant degenerative changes detectable on CT and MR images, produced bulging of disc tissue without disc herniation and led to degenerative and inflammatory histopathological changes. However, AF defects were not equal in terms of disc height loss at 3 months postoperatively; the cruciate and box-cut AF defects showed significantly decreased disc height compared to their preoperative height, with the box-cut defect creating the greatest disc height loss, while the slit AF defect showed restoration of normal preoperative disc height. Conclusions: The tested IVD injury models do not all generate comparable disc degeneration but can be considered suitable IVD injury models to investigate new treatments. Results of the current study clearly indicate that slit AF defect should be avoided if disc height is used as one of the main outcomes; additional confirmatory studies may be warranted to generalize this finding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.