ReviewFrontiers in medicine2022
Management of Non-response and Loss of Response to Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infliximab-linked gut microbiome signatures as candidate treatment response biomarkers in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Mirikizumab as Induction and Maintenance Therapy in Chinese Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Subpopulation Analysis of the Randomized, Global Phase 3 LUCENT-1 and LUCENT-2 Trials.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Trial
- Ustekinumab Intravenous Reinduction after Secondary Loss of Response in Patients with Crohn's Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Trial
- Baseline TREM-1 Whole Blood Gene Expression Does Not Predict Response to Adalimumab Treatment in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's Disease in the SERENE Studies.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2024Trial
- From gut dysbiosis to eubiosis: understanding microbiome recovery as an ecological process.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Biopsy-Based Molecular Signatures Predicting Therapeutic Response in Ulcerative Colitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Refractory Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood and Adolescence: Options in Primary Non-Response or Secondary Treatment Failure.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Review
- Uninflamed colonic tissue harbors humoral activity linked to anti-TNF therapy non-response in ulcerative colitis.iScience · 2026Article
- Towards Precision Medicine in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Pharmacogenetic Predictors of Ustekinumab Effectiveness and Persistence.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review Article: The Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Ulcerative Colitis Pharmacotherapy.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Review
- Region-specific immune regulation determines differential response to JAK1 inhibition in Crohn's disease ex vivo.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2026Article
- Practical guidelines on medical management of adults with moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2026Article
- Review
- A gas-liquid biphasic nanocleaner for breaking the self-amplified vicious cycle of barrier disruption-inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- [Advanced Combination Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease].The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2026Review
- Immunomodulators, Biologics, and 5-ASA for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Ulcerative colitis, pathophysiological mechanisms and drug repurposing: a new therapeutic dawn-narrative review.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- A Pilot Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Subcutaneous Infliximab in Chronic Inflammatory Pouch Conditions: The St. Mark's Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Multi-centered T cell repertoire profiling identifies alterations in the immune repertoire of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease across different disease stages.Genome medicine · 2026Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has been successfully used as first-line biologic treatment for moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in both "step-up" and "top-down" approaches, and has become a cornerstone of IBD management. However, in a proportion of patients the effectiveness of anti-TNF therapy is sub-optimal. Either patients do not achieve adequate initial response (primary non-response) or they lose response after initial success (loss of response). Therapeutic drug monitoring determines drug serum concentrations and the presence of anti-drug antibodies (ADAbs) and can help guide treatment optimization to improve patient outcomes. For patients with low drug concentrations who are ADAb-negative or display low levels of ADAbs, dose escalation is recommended. Should response remain unchanged following dose optimization the question whether to switch within class (anti-TNF) or out of class (different mechanism of action) arises. If ADAb levels are high and the patient has previously benefited from anti-TNF therapy, then switching within class is a viable option as ADAbs are molecule specific. Addition of an immunomodulator may lead to a decrease in ADAbs and a regaining of response in a proportion of patients. If a patient does not achieve a robust therapeutic response with an initial anti-TNF despite adequate drug levels, then switching out of class is appropriate. In conjunction with the guidance above, other factors including patient preference, age, comorbidities, disease phenotype, extra-intestinal manifestations, and treatment costs need to be factored into the treatment decision. In this review we discuss current evidence in this field and provide guidance on therapeutic decision-making in clinical situations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.