ArticleCritical care explorations2022
Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Sepsis Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Versus Other Pathogens in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.
Article in Critical care explorations, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical lipidomics in bacterial sepsis: a systematic review of serum and plasma evaluations.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Pooled it
- Rivaroxaban for Prevention of Thrombotic Events, Hospitalization, and Death in Outpatients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Circulation · 2023Trial
- Likelihood of Bacterial Infection in Immunocompromised Patients Treated With IV Antibiotics for Possible Sepsis.Critical care explorations · 2026Article
- Post-COVID Respiratory Sequelae in COPD: Mucus Plugging, Infectious Complications, and Risk-Stratified Follow-Up.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Nationwide trends and disparities in deaths following cardiogenic shock and sepsis in the United States (1999-2023): insights from the CDC WONDER database.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sepsis incidence, etiology and hospitalization costs in France: a retrospective observational study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Lower Plasma IL-32 Levels Linked to Better Survival in Sepsis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Plasma Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein (LBP) Is Induced in Critically Ill Females with Gram-Negative Infections-Preliminary Study.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- IGFBP-2 in Critical Illness: A Prognostic Marker in the Growth Hormone/Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2024Review
- How are Long-Covid, Post-Sepsis-Syndrome and Post-Intensive-Care-Syndrome related? A conceptional approach based on the current research literature.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Review
- Reduced Plasma Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 Levels in Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- A command centre implementation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a community hospital.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2024Article
- Characterization of the Pathogen Distribution and Drug Resistance in Bloodstream Infections During COVID-19 Pandemic in Tertiary Hospital in Eastern China: Comparison with the Pre-Pandemic Period [Letter].Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Exploring the Relationship between Plasma Adiponectin, Gender, and Underlying Diseases in Severe Illness.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Plasma Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-2 of Critically Ill Patients Is Related to Disease Severity and Survival.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Disparities in Palliative Care Among Critically Ill Patients With and Without COVID-19 at the End of Life: A Population-Based Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2023Article
- Use of Electronic Clinical Data to Track Incidence and Mortality for SARS-CoV-2-Associated Sepsis.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Impact of changing case definitions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization on pandemic metrics.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2023Article
- Changes in Cortisol Secretion and Corticosteroid Receptors in COVID-19 and Non COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis/Septic Shock and Scope for Treatment.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Sepsis-Related Mortality in the United States.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The prevalence and causes of sepsis in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are poorly characterized.
objectivesTo investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of sepsis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) versus other pathogens in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. DESIGN SETTING AND
participantsCross-sectional, retrospective chart review of 200 randomly selected patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at four Massachusetts hospitals between March 2020 and March 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The presence or absence of sepsis was determined per Sepsis-3 criteria (infection leading to an increase in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score by ≥ 2 points above baseline). Sepsis episodes were assessed as caused by SARS-CoV-2, other pathogens, or both. Rates of organ dysfunction and in-hospital death were also assessed.
resultsSepsis was present in 65 of 200 COVID-19 hospitalizations (32.5%), of which 46 of 65 sepsis episodes (70.8%) were due to SARS-CoV-2 alone, 17 of 65 (26.2%) were due to both SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 infections, and two of 65 (3.1%) were due to bacterial infection alone. SARS-CoV-2-related organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis occurred a median of 1 day after admission (interquartile range, 0-2 d) and most often presented as respiratory (93.7%), neurologic (46.0%), and/or renal (39.7%) dysfunctions. In-hospital death occurred in 28 of 200 COVID-19 hospitalizations (14.0%), including two of 135 patients without sepsis (1.5%), 16 of 46 patients with sepsis (34.8%) due to SARS-CoV-2 alone, and 10 of 17 patients with sepsis (58.8%) due to both SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial pathogens.
conclusionsSepsis occurred in one in three patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and was primarily caused by SARS-CoV-2 itself, although bacterial infection also contributed in a quarter of sepsis cases. Mortality in COVID-19 patients with sepsis was high, especially in patients with mixed SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial sepsis. These findings affirm SARS-CoV-2 as an important cause of sepsis and highlight the need to improve surveillance, recognition, prevention, and treatment of both viral and bacterial sepsis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
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