ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2022
Polygenic scores for schizophrenia and major depression are associated with psychosocial risk factors in children: evidence of gene-environment correlation.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The predictive value of polygenic risk scores for depression in gene-environment interaction studies: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- The reporting and handling of missing data in genetic epidemiological studies of mental health in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Moderate Food Preferences and Depression with Grey Matter as a Potential Mediator: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Machine learning and natural language processing for the identification of potential mental disorders among school-age children: a prospective birth cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Bidirectional relations between the maternal and infant gut microbiome and behavior.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Polygenic risk and trajectories of depressive symptoms in diverse adolescents: Gene-environment interplay with family conflict and parental acceptance.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Double-hit of MIA and Nod2 deficiency induces sex-specific offspring behavioral abnormalities through placental dysregulation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Polygenic scores for depression are associated with indices of neighborhood adversity.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
- Effects of polygenic risk for major depressive disorder and childhood emotional neglect on cortical blood flow complexity in young depression patients.Brain imaging and behavior · 2025Article
- Commentary: Will genomics revolutionise research on gene-environment interplay?Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhilst genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been established, it is unclear whether exposure to environmental risk factors is genetically confounded by passive, evocative or active gene-environment correlation (rGE). STUDY
objectiveThis study aims to investigate: (a) whether the genetic risk for SCZ/MDD in children is correlated with established environmental and psychosocial risk factors in two British community samples, the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), (b) whether these associations vary between both psychopathologies, and (c) whether findings differ across the two cohorts which were born 42 years apart.
methodsPolygenic risk scores (PRS) from existing large genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) were applied to test the correlation between the child genetic risk for SCZ/MDD and known environmental risk factors. In addition, parental and child genetic data from MCS were used to distinguish between passive and evocative rGE.
resultsThe child polygenic risk for SCZ and MDD was correlated with single parenthood in MCS. Moreover, the lack of father's involvement in child care was associated with the genetic risk for SCZ in NCDS. However, we also found associations between several indicators of low socioeconomic status and heightened genetic risk for MDD in children in both cohorts. Further, the genetic risk for MDD was associated with parental lack of interest in the child's education in NCDS as well as more maternal smoking and less maternal alcohol consumption during childhood in MCS. According to sensitivity analyses in MCS (controlling for parental genotype), more than half of our significant correlations reflected passive rGE.
conclusionsFindings suggest that several established environmental and psychosocial risk factors for SCZ and MDD are at least partially associated with children's genetic risk for these psychiatric disorders.
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