Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35781751›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of microbiology & biotechnology2022

Occurrence of antibiotics and bacterial resistance genes in wastewater: resistance mechanisms and antimicrobial resistance control approaches.

Christopher Mutuku, Zoltan Gazdag, Szilvia Melegh

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of microbiology & biotechnology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles in drug-resistant bacteria.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023
    Pooled it
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  10. Heterojunction FeTiOPolymers · 2026
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  20. Antibiotic resistance dissemination in soil ecosystems: deep understanding for effective management and global health protection.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026
    Review

14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Christopher MutukuDepartment of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, Pecs, 7624, Hungary. sikuku2013@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9742-1423
Zoltan GazdagDepartment of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
Szilvia MeleghDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7622, Pecs, Hungary.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial pharmaceuticals are classified as emergent micropollutants of concern, implying that even at low concentrations, long-term exposure to the environment can have significant eco-toxicological effects. There is a lack of a standardized regulatory framework governing the permissible antibiotic content for monitoring environmental water quality standards. Therefore, indiscriminate discharge of antimicrobials at potentially active concentrations into urban wastewater treatment facilities is rampant. Antimicrobials may exert selective pressure on bacteria, leading to resistance development and eventual health consequences. The emergence of clinically important multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria in untreated hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been linked to the continuous exposure of bacteria to antimicrobials. The levels of environmental exposure to antibiotics and their correlation to the evolution and spread of resistant bacteria need to be elucidated to help in the formulation of mitigation measures. This review explores frequently detected antimicrobials in wastewater and gives a comprehensive coverage of bacterial resistance mechanisms to different antibiotic classes through the expression of a wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes either inherent and/or exchanged among bacteria or acquired from the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater systems. To complement the removal of antibiotics and ARGs from WWTPs, upscaling the implementation of prospective interventions such as vaccines, phage therapy, and natural compounds as alternatives to widespread antibiotic use provides a multifaceted approach to minimize the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsWastewaterDrug Resistance, BacterialProspective StudiesAnti-Bacterial AgentsWastewaterAntibioticsBacteriaResistance genesWastewater

Identifiers

PMID35781751
PMCPMC9250919

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.