Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35780116›Full record

Observational studyBMC psychiatry2022

Health resource utilization and cost before versus after initiation of second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics among adults with schizophrenia in Alberta, Canada: a retrospective, observational single-arm study.

Kai On Wong, Scott W Klarenbach, Karen J B Martins, Pierre Chue, Serdar M Dursun, Mark Snaterse, Alexis Guigue, Helen So, Huong Luu, Khanh Vu and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMC psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kai On WongUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Scott W KlarenbachUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. swk@ualberta.ca.
Karen J B MartinsUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Pierre ChueUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Serdar M DursunUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Mark SnaterseAlberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Alexis GuigueUniversity of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Helen SoUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Huong LuuUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Khanh VuUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Lawrence RicherUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
University of Alberta · CAAlberta Health Services · CAUniversity of Calgary · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLong-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, along with community treatment orders (CTOs), are used to improve treatment effectiveness through adherence among individuals with schizophrenia. Understanding real-world medication adherence, and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs in individuals with schizophrenia overall and by CTO status before and after second generation antipsychotic (SGA)-LAI initiation may guide strategies to optimize treatment among those with schizophrenia.

methodsThis retrospective observational single-arm study utilized administrative health data from Alberta, Canada. Adults (≥ 18 years) with schizophrenia who initiated a SGA-LAI (no use in the previous 2-years) between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2016, and had ≥ 1 additional dispensation of a SGA-LAI were included; index date was the date of SGA-LAI initiation. Medication possession ratio (MPR) was determined, and paired t-tests were used to examine mean differences in all-cause and mental health-related HRU and costs (Canadian dollars), comprised of hospitalizations, physician visits, emergency department visits, and total visits, over the 2-year post-index and 2-year pre-index periods. Analyses were stratified by presence or absence of an active CTO during the pre-index and/or post-index periods.

resultsAmong 1,211 adults with schizophrenia who initiated SGA-LAIs, 64% were males with a mean age of 38 (standard deviation [SD] 14) years. The mean overall antipsychotic MPR was 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36, 0.41) greater during the 2-year post-index period (0.84 [SD 0.26]) compared with the 2-year pre-index period (0.45 [SD 0.40]). All-cause and mental health-related HRU and costs were lower post-index versus pre-index (p < 0.001) for hospitalizations, physician visits, emergency department visits, and total visits; mean total all-cause HRU costs were $33,788 (95% CI -$38,993, -$28,583) lower post- versus pre-index ($40,343 [SD $68,887] versus $74,131 [SD $75,941]), and total mental health-related HRU costs were $34,198 (95%CI -$39,098, -$29,297) lower post- versus pre-index ($34,205 [SD $63,428] versus $68,403 [SD $72,088]) per-patient. Forty-three percent had ≥ 1 active CTO during the study period; HRU and costs varied according to CTO status.

conclusionsSGA-LAIs are associated with greater medication adherence, and lower HRU and costs however the latter vary according to CTO status.

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsSchizophreniaAdultAlbertaFemaleHealth ResourcesHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesAntipsychotic AgentsAdministrative dataAntipsychoticsCommunity treatment orderHealthcare costHealthcare resource utilizationLong-acting injectionRetrospectiveSchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID35780116
PMCPMC9250716
OpenAlexW4283775283

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.