Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35780113›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2022

Expanded geographic distribution and host preference of Anopheles gibbinsi (Anopheles species 6) in northern Zambia.

Mary E Gebhardt, Rachel S Krizek, Maureen Coetzee, Lizette L Koekemoer, Yael Dahan-Moss, David Mbewe, James Sichivula Lupiya, Mbanga Muleba, Jennifer C Stevenson, William J Moss and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Public health consequences of global climate change. A narrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mary E GebhardtThe W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. mgebhar3@jhmi.edu.
Rachel S KrizekThe W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Maureen CoetzeeWits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and the Centre for Emerging Zoonotic & Parasitic Diseases, Vector Control Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Lizette L KoekemoerWits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and the Centre for Emerging Zoonotic & Parasitic Diseases, Vector Control Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Yael Dahan-MossWits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, and the Centre for Emerging Zoonotic & Parasitic Diseases, Vector Control Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
David MbeweTropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia.
James Sichivula LupiyaTropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia.
Mbanga MulebaTropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia.
Jennifer C StevensonThe W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
William J MossThe W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Douglas E NorrisThe W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Southern Africa International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research

Funding

TransmissionU19AI089680 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WILLIAM J MOSS · 2010 to 2026
$25.6M
DST/NRF South African Research Chairs Initiative Grant UID 64763NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI089680NIH HHS U19AI089680
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNchelenge District in northern Zambia suffers from holoendemic malaria transmission despite a decade of yearly indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated net (ITN) distributions. One hypothesis for this lack of impact is that some vectors in the area may forage in the early evening or outdoors. Anopheles gibbinsi specimens were identified in early evening mosquito collections performed in this study area, and further insight was gleaned into this taxon, including characterizing its genetic identity, feeding preferences, and potential role as a malaria vector.

methodsMosquitoes were collected in July and August 2019 by CDC light traps in Nchelenge District in indoor sitting rooms, outdoor gathering spaces, and animal pens from 16:00-22:00. Host detection by PCR, COI and ITS2 PCR, and circumsporozoite (CSP) ELISA were performed on all samples morphologically identified as An. gibbinsi, and a subset of specimens were selected for COI and ITS2 sequencing. To determine risk factors for increased abundance of An. gibbinsi, a negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects model was performed with household-level variables of interest.

resultsComparison of COI and ITS2 An. gibbinsi reference sequences to the NCBI database revealed > 99% identity to "Anopheles sp. 6" from Kenya. More than 97% of specimens were morphologically and molecularly consistent with An. gibbinsi. Specimens were primarily collected in animal pen traps (59.2%), followed by traps outdoors near where humans gather (24.3%), and traps set indoors (16.5%). Host DNA detection revealed a high propensity for goats, but 5% of specimens with detected host DNA had fed on humans. No specimens were positive for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. Animal pens and inland households > 3 km from Lake Mweru were both associated with increased An. gibbinsi abundance.

conclusionsThis is the first report of An. gibbinsi in Nchelenge District, Zambia. This study provided a species identity for unknown "An. sp. 6" in the NCBI database, which has been implicated in malaria transmission in Kenya. Composite data suggest that this species is largely zoophilic and exophilic, but comes into contact with humans and the malaria parasites they carry. This species should continue to be monitored in Zambia and neighbouring countries as a potential malaria vector.

Indexed as

AnophelesMalariaAnimalsDNAMosquito VectorsZambiaDNAAnopheles gibbinsiAnopheles species 6ICEMRMalariaVectorsZambia

Identifiers

PMID35780113
PMCPMC9250713

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.