ReviewPediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2023
Serum osmolality and hyperosmolar states.
Review in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Influencing Intraocular Pressure Elevation During Hemodialysis.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Observational
- Thirst, sodium, and the hospitalized child: rethinking hypernatremia.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- The U-shaped association between serum osmolality and 28-day mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure: a retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC-IV database.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Calculated serum osmolarity distribution in critically ill patients with acute pancreatitis: a retrospective cohort study.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- BPGM shapes NFAT5-driven cellular responses.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- The endoplasmic reticulum displays high polarity with low protein aggregation in human cells.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Sodium and Water Homeostasis in Children: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Inavolisib-induced fulminant-like diabetes and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state: a case report.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Elevated serum osmolarity is associated with 28-day all-cause mortality in patients with cardiac arrest.World journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Trajectory of serum osmolality changes and 28-day mortality risk in patients with sepsis-associated delirium based on the MIMIC-IV database.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Serum Osmolality and Stroke Mortality in the ICU: A U-Shaped Risk Pattern and Its Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association of serum osmolality levels with all-cause mortality risk in patients with DKA.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- The U-shaped relationship between serum osmolality and in-hospital mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury: a retrospective study based on the MIMIC-IV database.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Analysis of the correlation between the group-based trajectory modeling of serum osmolality and prognosis in patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy at 72 h after admission.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Serum Osmolality and Diabetic Foot Ulcers in a US Population With Diabetes: Results From NHANES 1999-2004.International journal of endocrinology · 2025Article
- Safety assessment of temozolomidee: real-world adverse event analysis from the FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Impact of adolescents' binge drinking on blood chemistry.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Beneficial Effect of Pretreatment Hyperosmolality on Outcome in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence from a South Korean Multicenter Registry and Propensity Score Matching Analysis.Neurocritical care · 2024Article
- Hydration Considerations to Improve the Physical Performance and Health of Firefighters.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Review
- The U-shaped association between serum osmolality and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study.Infection · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Serum osmolality is the sum of the osmolalities of every single dissolved particle in the blood such as sodium and associated anions, potassium, glucose, and urea. Under normal conditions, serum sodium concentration is the major determinant of serum osmolality. Effective blood osmolality, so-called blood tonicity, is created by the endogenous (e.g., sodium and glucose) and exogenous (e.g., mannitol) solutes that are capable of creating an osmotic gradient across the membranes. In case of change in effective blood osmolality, water shifts from the compartment with low osmolality into the compartment with high osmolarity in order to restore serum osmolality. The difference between measured osmolality and calculated osmolarity forms the osmolal gap. An increase in serum osmolal gap can stem from the presence of solutes that are not included in the osmolarity calculation, such as hypertonic treatments or toxic alcoholic ingestions. In clinical practice, determination of serum osmolality and osmolal gap is important in the diagnosis of disorders related to sodium, glucose and water balance, kidney diseases, and small molecule poisonings. As blood hypertonicity exerts its main effects on the brain cells, neurologic symptoms varying from mild neurologic signs and symptoms to life-threatening outcomes such as convulsions or even death may occur. Therefore, hypertonic states should be promptly diagnosed and cautiously managed. In this review, the causes and treatment strategies of hyperosmolar conditions including hypernatremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome, hypertonic treatments, or intoxications are discussed in detail to increase awareness of this important topic with significant clinical consequences.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.