ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2022
Immunopathology of the optic nerve in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral macrophages and T-cells accumulate in the degenerating optic tract after repetitive head impact.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Subclinical Optic Nerve Involvement in Radiologically Isolated Syndrome: Multimodal Detection and Diagnostic Impact.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Deep learning in imaging analysis for multiple sclerosis: Diagnosis and monitoring.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal Immune Dynamics in Experimental Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury Models.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- From diagnosis to treatment: exploring the mechanisms underlying optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Targeting SMOX Preserves Optic Nerve Myelin, Axonal Integrity, and Visual Function in Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Recent Advancements in Lipid Nanoparticles-Based Phytoactives Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Plasma cells in and around the central nervous system.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Genetic susceptibility and causal pathway analysis of eye disorders coexisting in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: a series of unfortunate events.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Article
- FKBP5 activates mitophagy by ablating PPAR-γ to shape a benign remyelination environment.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Overview of diet and autoimmune demyelinating optic neuritis: a narrative review.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2023Review
- Altered neural intrinsic oscillations in patients with multiple sclerosis: effects of cortical thickness.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- 3-Dimensional Immunostaining and Automated Deep-Learning Based Analysis of Nerve Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Optic neuritis, a primary clinical manifestation commonly observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), is a major factor leading to permanent loss of vision. Despite decreased vision (optic neuritis), diplopia, and nystagmus, the immunopathology of the optic nerve in MS is unclear. Here, we have characterized the optic nerve pathology in a large cohort of MS cases (n = 154), focusing on the immune responses in a sub-cohort of MS (n = 30) and control (n = 6) cases. Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the myeloid (HLA-DR, CD68, Iba1, TMEM119, and P2RY12) and adaptive immune cells (CD4, CD8, and CD138) in the parenchyma, perivascular spaces, and meninges in optic nerve tissues from MS and control cases. Of the 154 MS cases, 122 (79%) reported visual problems; of which, 99 (81%) optic nerves showed evidence of damage. Of the 31 cases with no visual disturbances, 19 (61%) showed evidence of pathology. A pattern of myeloid cell activity and demyelination in the optic nerve was similar to white matter lesions in the brain and spinal cord. In the optic nerves, adaptive immune cells were more abundant in the meninges close to active and chronic active lesions, and significantly higher compared with the parenchyma. Similar to brain tissues in this Dutch cohort, B-cell follicles in the meninges were absent. Our study reveals that optic nerve pathology is a frequent event in MS and may occur in the absence of clinical symptoms.
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