ArticleNature communications2022
Revisiting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy around the world using data from 23 countries in 2021.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 235 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
235 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 438 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 Vaccination Messengers, Communication Channels, and Messages Trusted Among Black Communities in the USA: a Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Pooled it
- Community Engagement in Vaccination Promotion: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Indian context: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake in people living with HIV.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Vaccine acceptance, determinants, and attitudes toward vaccine among people experiencing homelessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Global prevalence of COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Using positive imagination to reduce negativity in information processing and hesitant attitudes towards childhood COVID-19 vaccinations in parents: A randomized controlled trial.British journal of health psychology · 2025Trial
- Effects of Scalable, Wordless, Short, Animated Storytelling Videos on Flu Vaccine Hesitancy in China: Nationwide, Single-Blind, Parallel-Group, Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- An effective COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy intervention focused on the relative risks of vaccination and infection.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Reminders, but not monetary incentives, increase COVID-19 booster uptake.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Trial
- Say it right: measuring the impact of different communication strategies on the decision to get vaccinated.BMC public health · 2023Trial
- Hydroxychloroquine for pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in health care workers: a randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes of Hydroxychloroquine (HERO-HCQ).International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- How Can Multi-Criteria Portfolio Decision Analysis Help Mitigate Mis/Disinformation?Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Article
- Online Information as a Double-Edged Sword: A Multilevel Analysis of Vaccination Skepticism Based on ISSP 2021.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors Associated With COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in a Mixed Urban-Rural Population in Eastern Poland.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Acceptance of the COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Amid the Omicron JN.1 Surge in Southern Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis of Rural-Urban Disparities.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Observational
- What shapes trust in healthcare? Socio-economic and structural determinants of trust in formal and traditional health providers across 111 countries.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Vaccine acceptance in a future pandemic after COVID-19 and its decision drivers in Japan.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Community Awareness, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Toward Viral Disease Outbreaks in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Adverse Reactions and Vaccination Preferences Following COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
175 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact daily life, including health system operations, despite the availability of vaccines that are effective in greatly reducing the risks of death and severe disease. Misperceptions of COVID-19 vaccine safety, efficacy, risks, and mistrust in institutions responsible for vaccination campaigns have been reported as factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. This study investigated COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy globally in June 2021. Nationally representative samples of 1,000 individuals from 23 countries were surveyed. Data were analyzed descriptively, and weighted multivariable logistic regressions were used to explore associations with vaccine hesitancy. Here, we show that more than three-fourths (75.2%) of the 23,000 respondents report vaccine acceptance, up from 71.5% one year earlier. Across all countries, vaccine hesitancy is associated with a lack of trust in COVID-19 vaccine safety and science, and skepticism about its efficacy. Vaccine hesitant respondents are also highly resistant to required proof of vaccination; 31.7%, 20%, 15%, and 14.8% approve requiring it for access to international travel, indoor activities, employment, and public schools, respectively. For ongoing COVID-19 vaccination campaigns to succeed in improving coverage going forward, substantial challenges remain to be overcome. These include increasing vaccination among those reporting lower vaccine confidence in addition to expanding vaccine access in low- and middle-income countries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.