ArticleJMIR public health and surveillance2022
Unbalanced Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China at the Subnational Scale: Spatiotemporal Analysis.
Article in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acceptance of preventive therapy for latent tuberculosis infection in Chinese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in Hainan, China: a population-based, cross-sectional survey.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Spatial heterogeneity and drivers of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guangzhou: a street-level analysis of residents and migrant subgroups from 2015 to 2023.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Leveraging machine learning for accurate forecasting of pulmonary tuberculosis epidemics in a coastal city in China.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Trends and spatial distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis in China: a surveillance study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Impact of policy shifts and festival holidays on tuberculosis surveillance: a time-series analysis in Southwest China (2014-2024).Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Dazu District, Chongqing, China, 2005-2024: Surveillance Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents in Xinjiang, China: A Retrospective Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Analyzing factors affecting tuberculosis incidence in various mainland Chinese economic regions and predicting trends: a comprehensive regression study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection clustering among the elderly: a population-based cross-sectional study in Eastern China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Validation of a novel EC and PPD-based decision tree model for tuberculosis screening in Tibetan adolescent students.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Antitubercular Agents Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Southwestern China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
- Resistance characteristics of culture-positive tuberculosis from 2015 to 2022.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Case report:Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Spatial and temporal analysis and forecasting of TB reported incidence in western China.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Demographic and socioeconomic disparity in knowledge, attitude, and practice towards tuberculosis in Northwest, China: evidence from multilevel model study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis Notification Rate Within Shenzhen, China, 2010-2019: Spatial-Temporal Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Crucial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings of fallopian tubal tuberculosis for diagnosis: a retrospective study of 26 cases.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Effectiveness and Determinants of Implementing the "Xinjiang Model" for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control: A Quantitative Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Advancements in LAM-based diagnostic kit for tuberculosis detection: enhancing TB diagnosis in HIV-negative individuals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChina has one of the highest tuberculosis (TB) burdens in the world. However, the unbalanced spatial and temporal trends of TB risk at a fine level remain unclear.
objectiveWe aimed to investigate the unbalanced risks of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) at different levels and how they evolved from both temporal and spatial aspects using PTB notification data from 2851 counties over a decade in China.
methodsCounty-level notified PTB case data were collected from 2009 to 2018 in mainland China. A Bayesian hierarchical model was constructed to analyze the unbalanced spatiotemporal patterns of PTB notification rates during this period at subnational scales. The Gini coefficient was calculated to assess the inequality of the relative risk (RR) of PTB across counties.
resultsFrom 2009 to 2018, the number of notified PTB cases in mainland China decreased from 946,086 to 747,700. The average number of PTB cases in counties was 301 (SD 26) and the overall average notification rate was 60 (SD 6) per 100,000 people. There were obvious regional differences in the RRs for PTB (Gini coefficient 0.32, 95% CI 0.31-0.33). Xinjiang had the highest PTB notification rate, with a multiyear average of 155/100,000 (RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6-2.8; P<.001), followed by Guizhou (117/100,000; RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-1.9; P<.001) and Tibet (108/100,000; RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.1; P<.001). The RR for PTB showed a steady downward trend. Gansu (local trend [LT] 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.96; P<.001) and Shanxi (LT 0.94, 95% CI 0.92-0.96; P<.001) experienced the fastest declines. However, the RRs for PTB in the western region (such as counties in Xinjiang, Guizhou, and Tibet) were significantly higher than those in the eastern and central regions (P<.001), and the decline rate of the RR for PTB was lower than the overall level (P<.001).
conclusionsPTB risk showed significant regional inequality among counties in China, and western China presented a high plateau of disease burden. Improvements in economic and medical service levels are required to boost PTB case detection and eventually reduce PTB risk in the whole country.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.