ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2022
Accommodation lags are higher in myopia than in emmetropia: Measurement methods and metrics matter.
Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise and visual training interventions for myopia in children and adolescents: a systematic review with a focus on near-far accommodation.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness and Safety of Auricular Acupressure Combined with Periocular Thumbtack Needle Therapy for Premyopic Children: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Trial
- The Impact of Myopia Control Spectacle Lens Designs on Visual Function.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Trial
- Evaluation of Lag of Accommodation with Full-Field Diffusion Optics Technology™ (DOT) Contrast Management Spectacle Lenses in Emmetropic Children.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Trial
- Subjective Accommodative Function and Defocus Curve Metrics in Phakic Adults Aged 45-65 Years.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Observational
- Crystalline Lens Shape During Accommodation in Children.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Comparison of refractive parameters provided by a new open field aberrometer and the subjective refraction.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Effect of Binocularity and Depth on Static and Dynamic Accommodation Responses in Young Children.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Review
- Atropine-Loaded Contact Lens Sustained-Release Systems: A Narrative Review for the New Frontier for Myopia Management.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Visual Training for Myopia Control: An Independent and Additive Inhibitor of Axial Growth.Clinical optometry · 2026Article
- Clinical Evaluation of an Affordable Handheld Wavefront Autorefractor in an Adult Population in a Low-Resource Setting in the Amazonas.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clinical Features According to the Type of Intermittent Exotropia: Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Optical and Visual Diet in Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Effect of 0.025% atropine on ocular biometry changes during accommodation.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Visual Quality and Accommodation With Novel Optical Designs for Myopia Control.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Baseline Accommodation and Binocular Vision Measures in Malay Schoolchildren Enrolled in the Myopia Control Study Using Spectacle Lenses in Kuala Lumpur.Clinical optometry · 2024Article
- Immediate Effects of Vergence Exercises Using Automatic Dual Rotational Risley Prisms on Accommodative Lag and Facility.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Article
- Attitudes and knowledge of myopia management by Spanish optometrists.International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Influence of power and the time of application of fogging lenses on accommodation.Biomedical optics express · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether accommodative errors in emmetropes and myopes are systematically different, and the effect of using different instruments and metrics.
methodsSeventy-six adults aged 18-27 years comprising 24 emmetropes (spherical equivalent refraction of the dominant eye +0.04 ± 0.03 D) and 52 myopes (-2.73 ± 0.22 D) were included. Accommodation responses were measured with a Grand Seiko WAM-5500 and a Hartmann-Shack Complete Ophthalmic Analysis System aberrometer, using pupil plane (Zernike and Seidel refraction) and retinal image plane (neural sharpness-NS; and visual Strehl ratio for modulation transfer function-VSMTF) metrics at 40, 33 and 25 cm. Accommodation stimuli were presented to the corrected dominant eye, and responses, referenced to the corneal plane, were determined in the fellow eye. Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine influence of the refractive group, the measurement method, accommodation stimulus, age, race, parental myopia, gender and binocular measures of heterophoria, accommodative convergence/accommodation and convergence accommodation/convergence ratios.
resultsLags of accommodation were affected significantly by the measurement method (p < 0.001), the refractive group (p = 0.003), near heterophoria (p = 0.002) and accommodative stimulus (p < 0.05), with significant interactions between some of these variables. Overall, emmetropes had smaller lags of accommodation than myopes with respective means ± standard errors of 0.31 ± 0.08 D and 0.61 ± 0.06 D (p = 0.003). Lags were largest for the Grand Seiko and Zernike defocus, intermediate for NS and VSMTF, and least for Seidel defocus.
conclusionsThe mean lag of accommodation in emmetropes is approximately equal to the previously reported depth of focus. Myopes had larger (double) lags than emmetropes. Differences between methods and instruments could be as great as 0.50 D, and this must be considered when comparing studies and outcomes. Accommodative lag increased with the accommodation stimulus, but only for methods using a fixed small pupil diameter.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.