ArticleThe bone & joint journal2022
Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in hip fracture mortality in Norway, 2014 to 2018 : a linked multiregistry study.
Article in The bone & joint journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between surgeon experience, level of supervision, and outcomes after hip fracture.Bone & joint open · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Predictors of 1-Year Mortality in 262 Vancouver Type C Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures: Insights from the PIPPAS Prospective Multicenter Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- In-hospital versus postdischarge 30-day mortality in patients admitted after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cerebral stroke or hip fracture: a cohort study based on registry data.BMJ open quality · 2025Article
- Risk factors for one-year mortality in 440 femoral peri-implant fractures: insights from the PIPPAS prospective, multicentre, observational study.Bone & joint open · 2025Article
- [Endoprosthetic treatment of femoral neck fractures in Germany : Cumulative analysis of EPRD registry data from 2013 to 2020].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Exploring mortality risk factors and specific causes of death within 30 days after hip fracture hospitalization.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Multivariate analysis of blood parameters for predicting mortality in patients with hip fractures.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Age-Based Heuristics Bias Treatment of Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in the Elderly.Arthroplasty today · 2024Article
- Effects of an Emergency-Based FASE Strategy on Treating Geriatric Patients with Femoral Neck Fracture: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2024Article
- Clinical pharmacist intervention to improve medication safety for hip fracture patients through secondary and primary care settings: a nonrandomised controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Article
- Hip fracture incidence and post-fracture mortality in Victoria, Australia: a state-wide cohort study.Archives of osteoporosis · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThis study aimed to identify risk factors (patient, healthcare system, and socioeconomic) for mortality after hip fractures and estimate their relative importance. Further, we aimed to elucidate mortality and survival patterns following fractures and the duration of excess mortality.
methodsData on 37,394 hip fractures in the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register from January 2014 to December 2018 were linked to data from the Norwegian Patient Registry, Statistics Norway, and characteristics of acute care hospitals. Cox regression analysis was performed to estimate risk factors associated with mortality. The Wald statistic was used to estimate and illustrate relative importance of risk factors, which were categorized in modifiable (healthcare-related) and non-modifiable (patient-related and socioeconomic). We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) comparing deaths among hip fracture patients to expected deaths in a standardized reference population.
resultsMean age was 80.2 years (SD 11.4) and 67.5% (n = 25,251) were female. Patient factors (male sex, increasing comorbidity (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade and Charlson Comorbidity Index)), socioeconomic factors (low income, low education level, living in a healthcare facility), and healthcare factors (hip fracture volume, availability of orthogeriatric services) were associated with increased mortality. Non-modifiable risk factors were more strongly associated with mortality than modifiable risk factors. The SMR analysis suggested that cumulative excess mortality among hip fracture patients was 16% in the first year and 41% at six years. SMR was 2.48 for the six-year observation period, most pronounced in the first year, and fell from 10.92 in the first month to 3.53 after 12 months and 2.48 after six years. Substantial differences in median survival time were found, particularly for patient-related factors.
conclusionSocioeconomic, patient-, and healthcare-related factors all contributed to excess mortality, and non-modifiable factors had stronger association than modifiable ones. Hip fractures contributed to substantial excess mortality. Apparently small survival differences translate into substantial disparity in median survival time in this elderly population. Cite this article:
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