ArticleBone & joint research2022
Immunomodulatory role of T helper cells in rheumatoid arthritis : a comprehensive research review.
Article in Bone & joint research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Comprehensive Review of Kimura Disease.Head and neck pathology · 2025Pooled it
- CD27 Neutralization Attenuates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Suppressing.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics reveal the mechanisms of Compound Nanxing Zhitong Plaster in anti-rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- In Utero Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Changes in Infant T Helper Cell Development among UPSIDE-ECHO Cohort Participants.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Opposing Dynamics of CD4 + Regulatory and CD8 + Foxp3+ T Cells Characterize Immune Imbalance in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Metabolic and neuroimmune control of rheumatoid arthritis: therapeutic implications of FXR and α7-nAChR axes.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- JAK/STAT inhibition reprograms T cell activation and metabolism in inflammatory arthritis patients.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- Propolis nanoemulsion and mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium promote osteoblastogenesis against lipopolysaccharide-induced osteolysis in hyperglycemic rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A novel small molecule KMU-11361 attenuates rheumatoid arthritis by mechanistic inhibition of the TAK1-NF-κB-NLRP3 axis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- The Role of Synovitis and Latent Transcription Factors in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Current rheumatology reviews · 2026Review
- The Application Prospects and Future Outlook ofDrug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Mining personalized core traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for rheumatoid arthritis and elucidating their mechanisms via frequent closed Itemset compression and multilevel network pharmacology.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Interleukin-4 and clinical activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a sex-based analysis.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Targeting GM-CSF in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Advances in Cytokine-Directed Immunotherapy and Clinical Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Efficacy of DMARDs Therapy on the Disease Activity and Gene Expression Levels of FoxO1, FoxO3, Runx1, and Runx3 in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Pre-Post Interventional Study With Healthy Controls.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Preclinical Evaluation of Nanoemulsion and Polymeric Nanocapsule Delivery Systems of 4-(Phenylselanyl)-2H-Chromen-2-One for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Comorbidities.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comprehensive investigation of network pharmacology, computational modeling, and pharmacokinetic assessment to evaluate the efficacy of flavonoids in rheumatoid arthritis.Molecular diversity · 2025Article
- Quantum Health AcceleratorBrain sciences · 2025Article
- Antigen-specific T-cell frequency and phenotype mirrors disease activity in DRB1*04:04+ rheumatoid arthritis patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that involves T and B cells and their reciprocal immune interactions with proinflammatory cytokines. T cells, an essential part of the immune system, play an important role in RA. T helper 1 (Th1) cells induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-2, which are proinflammatory cytokines, leading to cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Th2 cells primarily secrete IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which exert anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastogenic effects in inflammatory arthritis models. IL-22 secreted by Th17 cells promotes the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts through induction of the chemokine C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). T follicular helper (Tfh) cells produce IL-21, which is key for B cell stimulation by the C-X-C chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) and coexpression with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and/or inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS). PD-1 inhibits T cell proliferation and cytokine production. In addition, there are many immunomodulatory agents that promote or inhibit the immunomodulatory role of T helper cells in RA to alleviate disease progression. These findings help to elucidate the aetiology and treatment of RA and point us toward the next steps. Cite this article:
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