ReviewRoyal Society open science2022
An insula hierarchical network architecture for active interoceptive inference.
Review in Royal Society open science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neural correlates of altered interoception in depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- General and anxiety-linked influences of acute serotonin reuptake inhibition on neural responses associated with attended visceral sensation.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Comparative insights into insula structure and function.Nature neuroscience · 2026Review
- Differential adolescent neurodevelopment of emotion processing across internalizing psychopathology and childhood adversity.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Beyond the Outburst: Charting a New Frontier for Understanding and Treating Irritability in Autistic Adults.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Review
- Internal connectivity of the mouse mesocortical ring and functional implications.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Disrupted neurovascular-endocrine coupling in type 1 diabetes with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Respiration as a dynamic modulator of sensory sampling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Prefrontal dysregulation of interoceptive and emotional processing in episodic migraine: a task-based fMRI study.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Brain structural correlates of individual differences in heartbeat counting and discrimination: A voxel-based morphometry study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The experiential self state as affective salience: a dual-self states framework for consciousness and self-transcendence.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Functional connectivity gradients of the insula in major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- From hidden springs to endless oceans: exploring the complementary roles of the amygdala and hippocampus in phenomenal experience.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Growth Hormone and IGF-1 Actions in the Brain and Neuropsychiatric Diseases.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Epigenetic manipulation of anterior insular cortex alters neural signals and cognitive control.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The threat of an embodied virtual belly affects gastric feelings depending on somatic, interoceptive and alexithymic characteristics of healthy women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The autonomic nervous system: Time for a conceptual reframing?The Journal of physiology · 2025Review
- An interoceptive model of energy allostasis linking metabolic and mental health.Science advances · 2025Review
- Article
- Enhanced behavioural and neural sensitivity to punishments in chronic pain and fatigue.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the brain, the insular cortex receives a vast amount of interoceptive information, ascending through deep brain structures, from multiple visceral organs. The unique hierarchical and modular architecture of the insula suggests specialization for processing interoceptive afferents. Yet, the biological significance of the insula's neuroanatomical architecture, in relation to deep brain structures, remains obscure. In this opinion piece, we propose the Insula Hierarchical Modular Adaptive Interoception Control (IMAC) model to suggest that insula modules (granular, dysgranular and agranular), forming parallel networks with the prefrontal cortex and striatum, are specialized to form higher order interoceptive representations. These interoceptive representations are recruited in a context-dependent manner to support habitual, model-based and exploratory control of visceral organs and physiological processes. We discuss how insula interoceptive representations may give rise to conscious feelings that best explain lower order deep brain interoceptive representations, and how the insula may serve to defend the body and mind against pathological depression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.