ArticleInternational journal of spine surgery2022
Analysis of Upper Cervical Spine Measurements in the Uninjured Pediatric Spine.
Article in International journal of spine surgery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation of examiner judgement and radiological digital pictures in infants with upper cervical spine dysfunction: a cross-sectional study.Pediatric radiology · 2026Observational
- CT evaluation of pediatric craniocervical distraction injuries: a comprehensive review of morphometric parameters and practical applications.Pediatric radiology · 2026Review
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1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundOnly a small number of studies have offered normative data for the upper cervical spine in children and with some variation in findings.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to determine normal values for upper cervical spine measurements used in the assessment of upper cervical spine trauma in the pediatric population.
methodsOne-hundred computed tomographic images of the cervical spine of children aged ≤16 years were included for analysis. All children were cleared of spinal injury. Anterior atlanto-dens interval (ADI), posterior atlanto-dens interval (PADI), basion-dens interval (BDI), Powers ratio, condylar-C1 interval (CCI), and lateral mass interval (LMI) were measured on the relevant sagittal or coronal images. Measurements for CCI and LMI were taken on each side.
resultsMean age was 111 months (range 11-196 months). Sixty-two were male. Mean values (and ranges) of the measurements were as follows: BDI: 7.1 mm (3.6-12.2); ADI 2.8 mm (0.8-4.8); PADI 18.7 mm (14.1-23.2); Powers ratio 0.72 (0.59-1.0); CCI 2.0 and 2.0 (0.5-4.2); and LMI 3.2 and 3.3 mm (1.7-4.8). BDI (
conclusionsNormal values were reported from a local pediatric population with a wide age range. Most values correlate with age to a degree, and so normal values may vary throughout childhood. A multicenter study is desirable to advance knowledge in this field. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Current radiographic measures used to assess for possible ligamentous injury in the pediatric upper cervical spine correlate with age. Caution must be held when analyzing the upper cervical spine across a range of age groups in children. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4:
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