Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35771944›Full record

ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022

Molecular ZIP codes in targeted drug delivery.

Erkki Ruoslahti

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Advancing Cancer-Targeted Nanotherapies with Tumor Homing Peptides.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
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  10. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Erkki RuoslahtiSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.
Discovery Institute · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The term "molecular ZIP (or area) codes" refers to an originally hypothetical system of cell adhesion molecules that would control cell trafficking in the body. Subsequent discovery of the integrins, cadherins, and other cell adhesion molecules confirmed this hypothesis. The recognition system encompassing integrins and their ligands came particularly close to fulfilling the original ZIP code hypothesis, as multiple integrins with closely related specificities mediate cell adhesion by binding to an RGD or related sequence in various extracellular matrix proteins. Diseased tissues have their own molecular addresses that, although not necessarily involved in cell trafficking, can be made use of in targeted drug delivery. This article discusses the molecular basis of ZIP codes and the extensive effort under way to harness them for drug delivery purposes.

Indexed as

Cell Adhesion MoleculesDrug Delivery SystemsIntegrinsAnimalsCadherinsCell AdhesionHumansLigandsOligopeptidesarginyl-glycyl-aspartic acidCadherinsCell Adhesion MoleculesIntegrinsLigandsOligopeptidesbacteriophagecancer drugsintegrinsneuropilintumor vessels

Identifiers

PMID35771944
PMCPMC9282239
OpenAlexW4283714316

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.