SynthesisPloS one2022
Prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in East Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and determinants of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in the MENA region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Pooled it
- Global and regional trends in multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, 2000-2024 with forecasts to 2030: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin-resistance strains using GeneXpert-MTB/RIF assay in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis in the Context of Co-Infection in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Pooled it
- Global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Pooled it
- Assessing the efficacy of combined treatment using bedaquiline against clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and the macrophage model.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex associated with pulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa: a systematic review.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Trends and Characteristics of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Five-Year Study at a Major Specialized Hospital in Guizhou, China (2018-2023).Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Time to sputum culture conversion and associated factors in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia: a ten-year retrospective follow-up study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Its Association With Previous Treatment History in Adults.Cureus · 2025Article
- Advances and prospects for treatment strategies of drug-resistant tuberculosis: a review.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Review
- Bedaquiline Delivery Innovations: A Review on Advancing MDR-TB Treatment Strategies.Recent advances in anti-infective drug discovery · 2025Review
- Article
- Drug resistance patterns, trends, and risk factors for multidrug resistance of tuberculosis in Wenzhou, China: a ten-year retrospective analysis (2014-2023).Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and epidemiological pattern of drug-resistant tuberculosis among migrant populations in Wenzhou City, China, 2014-2023: implications for public health strategies.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors influencing drug-resistant tuberculosis in four regions of Ghana.PloS one · 2025Article
- The burden of tuberculosis and drug resistance in 22 Sub-Saharan African countries, 1990-2021: a GBD 2021 analysis and progress towards WHO 2035 targets with projections to 2050.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Five-year tuberculosis trends analysis in eight districts of Mwanza region, Tanzania; (2017-2021).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial resistance profile and prevalence ofJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2024Article
- Drug Susceptibility and Mutation Profiles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala, India.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe rate of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. It is becoming an emerging public health problem in East Africa. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis positive individuals in the region has not been thoroughly investigated.
aimThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate the pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among newly diagnosed and previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis cases in East African countries.
methodsEnglish published articles were systematically searched from six electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science direct, Web of Science, and Google scholar. The pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and associated risk factors were calculated using Der Simonian and Laird's random Effects model. Funnel plot symmetry visualization confirmed by Egger's regression asymmetry test and Begg rank correlation methods was used to assess publication bias. A total of 16 articles published from 2007 to 2019 were included in this study. STATA 14 software was used for analysis.
resultsOut of 1025 articles identified citations, a total of 16 articles were included in final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among newly diagnosed tuberculosis cases and previously treated tuberculosis patients was 4% (95%CI = 2-5%) and 21% (95%CI: 14-28%), respectively. Living conditions, lifestyles (smoking, alcohol use, and drug abuse), previous medical history, diabetes history, and human immunodeficiency virus infection were risk factors contributing to the higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in East Africa.
conclusionThe review found a significant prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the region. An early diagnosis of tuberculosis and rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a critical priority to identify patients who are not responding to the standard treatment and to avoid transmission of resistant strains. It is also very important to strengthen tuberculosis control and improve monitoring of chemotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.