ArticleDiabetes care2022
Rural-Urban Differences in Diabetes Care and Control in 42 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Cross-sectional Study of Nationally Representative Individual-Level Data.
Article in Diabetes care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inclusion of Rurality and Social Determinants of Health in Documents for the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Metabolic syndrome and related disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Community health worker-led versus facility-based type 2 diabetes care in rural Lesotho: a cluster-randomized trial within the ComBaCaL cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026 · on this mapTrial
- Individual Characteristics in the Comprehension of Pandemic Video Communication: Randomized Controlled Between-Subjects Design.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Trial
- Closing the rural diabetes research gap: a case for coordinated international collaboration.Global health action · 2026Article
- Individual and Contextual Socioeconomic Position on Type 2 Diabetes Risk in LMICs: A Multilevel Analysis.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- Implementation of stroke prevention: a review of challenges and opportunities in the Americas.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Review
- Effect of health education on foot care knowledge and practice of patients with type 2 diabetes in rural Bangladesh.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Municipal deprivation and cardiometabolic outcomes in Mexican adults: findings from ENSANUT 2021-2023.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Treatment Adherence in People with Both Hypertension and Pre-Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Semi-Rural Community in Thailand.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- The Burden of Stigma in Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from a Rural Primary Care Sample in Türkiye.Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2026Article
- Diabetic kidney disease in northwest Ethiopia: Prevalence and determinants among adults with type 2 diabetes.PloS one · 2026Article
- "Outcomes of treatment for people with type 2 diabetes within two nurse-led clinics in primary care in Iceland".International journal of circumpolar health · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic Factors, Physical Activity and Glycemic Control in Adults with Diabetes: A Pilot Study from a Croatian Reference Center.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Diabetic Complication Profiles and Associated Risk Factors: A Comprehensive Analysis from Two Public Hospitals in the Najran Region, Southern Saudi Arabia.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between diabetes phenotypes with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, using single-sample confirmatory testing: a national study.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Educational and economic disparities and risk factors associated with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Cambodia: analysis of a national population-based study.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Glycemic control is worse in rural compared to urban type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh, irrespective of food security status.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Determinants of Oral Health Outcomes and Quality of Life in Diabetic Patients from Western Romania: A Behavioral Model Approach.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Characteristics associated with optimal blood sugar in individuals living with type 2 diabetes in hard-to-reach rural communities: results of a cross-sectional study in Esmeraldas, Ecuador.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
34 authors at 20 institutions in 19 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDiabetes prevalence is increasing rapidly in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), but there are limited data on the performance of health systems in delivering equitable and effective care to rural populations. We therefore assessed rural-urban differences in diabetes care and control in LMICs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe pooled individual-level data from nationally representative health surveys in 42 countries. We used Poisson regression models to estimate age-adjusted differences in the proportion of individuals with diabetes in rural versus urban areas achieving performance measures for the diagnosis, treatment, and control of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risk factors. We examined differences across the pooled sample, by sex, and by country.
resultsThe pooled sample from 42 countries included 840,110 individuals (35,404 with diabetes). Compared with urban populations with diabetes, rural populations had ∼15-30% lower relative risk of achieving performance measures for diabetes diagnosis and treatment. Rural populations with diagnosed diabetes had a 14% (95% CI 5-22%) lower relative risk of glycemic control, 6% (95% CI -5 to 16%) lower relative risk of blood pressure control, and 23% (95% CI 2-39%) lower relative risk of cholesterol control. Rural women with diabetes had lower achievement of performance measures relating to control than urban women, whereas among men, differences were small.
conclusionsRural populations with diabetes experience substantial inequities in the achievement of diabetes performance measures in LMICs. Programs and policies aiming to strengthen global diabetes care must consider the unique challenges experienced by rural populations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.