ArticleThe Journal of physiology2022
Heksor: the central nervous system substrate of an adaptive behaviour.
Article in The Journal of physiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Motor imagery-based neurofeedback in older adults: neural signatures and feasibility in a randomized controlled trial targeting age-related cognitive decline.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Effects of active and sham tDCS on the soleus H-reflex during standing.Experimental brain research · 2023Trial
- Neurorehabilitation in the 21st Century: New Science, New Strategies, New Expectations.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2026Review
- Network-oriented neurorehabilitation after stroke: a paradigmatic approach.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Review
- Functional changes in spinal circuitry in essential tremor revealed with analysis of intramuscle synergies.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Electrophysiological evidence of Hebbian plasticity in awake adult rats.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Making brain-computer interfaces as reliable as muscles.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Review
- Article
- An Evaluation Model for Brain Ischemia Protection in Mice by Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation Based on Functional Cortico-Muscular Coupling.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Motor learning changes the axon initial segment of the spinal motoneuron.The Journal of physiology · 2024Article
- Learning leaves a memory trace in motor cortex.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- NSF DARE-transforming modeling in neurorehabilitation: perspectives and opportunities from US funding agencies.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Updating perspectives on spinal cord function: motor coordination, timing, relational processing, and memory below the brain.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2024Review
- Remembrance of things perceived: Adding thalamocortical function to artificial neural networks.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2023Review
- Enhancing neurorehabilitation by targeting beneficial plasticity.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2023Review
- Targeting neuroplasticity to improve motor recovery after stroke: an artificial neural network model.Brain communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Over the past half-century, the largely hardwired central nervous system (CNS) of 1970 has become the ubiquitously plastic CNS of today, in which change is the rule not the exception. This transformation complicates a central question in neuroscience: how are adaptive behaviours - behaviours that serve the needs of the individual - acquired and maintained through life? It poses a more basic question: how do many adaptive behaviours share the ubiquitously plastic CNS? This question compels neuroscience to adopt a new paradigm. The core of this paradigm is a CNS entity with unique properties, here given the name heksor from the Greek hexis. A heksor is a distributed network of neurons and synapses that changes itself as needed to maintain the key features of an adaptive behaviour, the features that make the behaviour satisfactory. Through their concurrent changes, the numerous heksors that share the CNS negotiate the properties of the neurons and synapses that they all use. Heksors keep the CNS in a state of negotiated equilibrium that enables each heksor to maintain the key features of its behaviour. The new paradigm based on heksors and the negotiated equilibrium they create is supported by animal and human studies of interactions among new and old adaptive behaviours, explains otherwise inexplicable results, and underlies promising new approaches to restoring behaviours impaired by injury or disease. Furthermore, the paradigm offers new and potentially important answers to extant questions, such as the generation and function of spontaneous neuronal activity, the aetiology of muscle synergies, and the control of homeostatic plasticity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.